GENERALIZED THERMAL MATURITY MAP OF ALASKA The files in this directory are those that were used to create the Generalized Thermal Maturity Map of Alaska (USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-2494), published in 1996. These files are necessary for importing the map in digital form into a Geographical Information System. Output files in several formats also are included in this directory; these can be used any time a digital version of the complete map is needed. The map is based, in large part, on the vitrinite-reflectance (VR) and conodont color-alteration-index (CAI) data in USGS Open-File Report 92-409, an updated version of which also is included on this CD-ROM. The map was created in ARC/INFO, produced by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). DATA STRUCTURES Files in this directory are organized into six subdirectories: Digital versions of the complete map are located in the subdirectory "outputfiles." These files are quite large and will require a system with a great deal of memory and a fast processor to manipulate effectively. We recommend at least 128 MB of RAM and a processor with a clock speed of 180 MHz or better. The following file formats are available: File name Format ------------ ----------------------------------------- MapI2494.eps Encapsulated PostScript, with all fonts outlined MapI2494.ai Encapsulated PostScript (Adobe Illustrator 6.0), with only fonts from ARC/INFO coverage "text" outlined. This file is considerably smaller than the ".eps" version. You will need to have the font families "Helvetica," "Times," and "Souvenir" installed in your system to work with this version most effectively. MapI2494_full.pdf Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) version, at 1:2,500,000 (full-size). MapI2494.pdf Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) version, at 1:5,000,000 (half-size). This file is normally accessed through the PDF interface to this CD-ROM. MAPI2494.tif Raster image of the half-scale map, at 300 dpi and in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). The 10 ARC/INFO coverages (described in more detail below) used to construct the map, together with the directory "INFO" (needed by ARC/INFO to support the coverages),, are found in the "coverages" subdirectory. These coverages can be used by any GIS capable of importing files in ARC/INFO format. Export version of these coverages are found in the subdirectory "exportfiles." These files can be imported into ARC/INFO with the "import" command. This is probably the easiest way to install the coverages into your workspace. Shapefile versions of 9 of the ARC/INFO coverages are found in the subdirectory "shapefiles." Each shapefile actually consists of three files, with extensions .shp, .shx., and .dbf; all are needed for importation into a GIS supporting the shapefile format. ARC/INFO annotation cannot be translated into shapefiles, and so the coverage "text" is not included in shapefile format. Inset figures and text, as well as the map title, headers, and latitude-longitude ticks, were created as a separate file. This file is available in Adobe Illustrator 6.0 format (insets.ill) and in Encapsulated PostScript format (insets.eps) in the subdirectory "insetfigures." The Encapsulated PostScript version has all of the fonts outlined, whereas the Illustrator version does not. To work with the Illustrator version most effectively, you will need to have the font families "Helvetica," "Times," and "Souvenir" installed in your system. The subdirectory "miscfiles" contains many important files needed to use these coverages in ARC/INFO or another GIS. These files, all of which are in ASCII format are: File name Description ------------ ----------------------------------------- aktherm.lin ARC/INFO line set containing instructions (symbol definitions) needed for drawing lines. aktherm.mrk ARC/INFO marker set containing instructions (marker definitions) needed for drawing point symbols aktherm.shd ARC/INFO shade set containing instructions (color definitions) needed for coloring the map aktherm.txt ARC/INFO text set containing instructions (symbol definitions) needed for drawing annotation. fnt035 Font information needed by aktherm.lin for drawing lines dnag.prj ARC/INFO projection file containing infor- mation needed to convert coordinates in latitude-longitude format to map units in map projection used in this map (those used by the Geological Society of America in its Decade of North American Geology products). plot.aml Text file written in Arc Macro Language for producing an output file in Encapsulated Postscript format. Edit this file to produce a different map, drawing from data contained in the included coverages, or on new data from your own coverages. This file is heavily annotated with comments to help in revisions. res2400.prm ARC/INFO parameter file to set resolution to 2,400 dpi; needed for creating smooth Encapsulated PostScript version of map. Needed by file plot.aml. rot90.prm ARC/INFO parameter file to set resolution to 2, 400 dpi and to rotate plot 90 degrees for optimal printing. Needed by file plot.aml. info Directory containing files needed by INFO PROJECTION (COORDINATE SYSTEM) DEFINITION Projection TRANSVERSE MERCATOR Units METERS Spheroid DEFINED Major axis 6371204.00000 Minor axis 6371204.000 Parameters: Scale factor at central meridian 0.926 Longitude of central meridian -100 0 0 Latitude of origin 0 0 0 False easting (meters) 0 False northing (meters) 0 DESCRIPTIONS OF ARC/INFO COVERAGES COVERAGE AKCANBORDER Coverage contains a single route in two sections that define the United States-Canadian border. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 2 68 NODES 4,716 -- ROUTES/SECTIONS 1/2 8/32 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 636 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology SEL: Integer, used in sorting selected items SYMB: Integer, used in sorting by symbol type TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 152.322 N Dangle = 0.000 N COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -1537458.500 Xmax = -695590.312 Ymin = 6683963.000 Ymax = 8207187.000 COVERAGE BASE Coverage contains a base map of Alaska produced by vectorizing a scanned image. Lines define coastline, streams, lakes, and bathymetry. Though cleaned up, it contains very small scanning artifacts that are not resolvable at 1:2,500,000, the intended scale of map. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 5,650 68 NODES 6,653 -- SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 66,523 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology SEL: Integer, used in sorting selected items SYMB: Integer, used in sorting by symbol type TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 0.001 V Dangle = 0.000 V COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -3830943.500 Xmax = -263644.906 Ymin = 6255747.000 Ymax = 8640046.000 COVERAGE CONTOURS Coverage contains arcs defining contours on the U/M1 map-unit boundary in areas where sufficient well control exists to define that boundary (Colville Basin and Cook Inlet Basin). Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 89 66 NODES 185 -- SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 1,020 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology SYMB: Integer, used in sorting by symbol type TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 0.001 V Dangle = 0.000 V COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -2342762.750 Xmax = -1562601.875 Ymin = 7071152.500 Ymax = 8423503.000 COVERAGE GRATICULE Coverage contains arcs defining latitude-longitude grid lines over map. Many arc segments are needed to make these lines smooth curves. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 6,130 64 NODES 3,131 -- SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 666,596 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 0.001 V Dangle = 0.000 V COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -6024281.500 Xmax = 1549795.625 Ymin = 5392976.500 Ymax = 9443636.000 COVERAGE MAIN Principal coverage containing all geologic features (contacts, faults), physiographic features (glaciers, lakes) and thermal-maturity units. Built for topology FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 6,934 68 NODES 5,227 -- POLYGONS 3,226 52 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 85,217 Polygon Labels: 3,225 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology SEL: Integer, used in sorting selected items SYMB: Integer, used in sorting by symbol type WHATEVER: Integer, placeholder used in sorting POLYGON ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard polygon attributes) PTYPE: Character string defining polygon, used for applying symbology TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 0.001 V Dangle = 0.000 V COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -3830943.500 Xmax = -269172.781 Ymin = 6258533.000 Ymax = 8623870.000 COVERAGE OUTCROPS A coverage containing points corresponding to all outcrop sample localities. Database entries give vitrinite-reflectance (VR) values (= 0 if locality is a CAI locality), conodont color-alteration-index (CAI) values (= 0 if locality is a VR locality), and flag CMDS. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ POINTS 3,247 36 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 POINT ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard point attributes) CAI: Real number giving conodont color- alteration-index value at this locality (= 0 if locality is a VR locality). VR: Real number giving vitrinite-reflectance value at this locality (= 0 if locality is a CAI locality). UNIT: Integer value used to define thermal- maturity map unit for this locality (not necessarily same map unit as polygon in coverage main at this locality, which is an interpreted value). 1 = Map Unit "Undermature" 2 = Map Unit "Mature I" 3 = Map Unit "Mature II" 4 = Map Unit "Overmature" 5 = Map Unit "Supermature" CMDS: Character string; a flag used to define continental margin dredge samples. Assigned a null string for all localities except continental margin dredge samples; these are assigned a CMDS value corresponding to map unit for VR or CAI value; used to choose appropriate color of marker symbol in the plot.aml. TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 217.636 N Dangle = 0.000 N COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -2945705.750 Xmax = -769345.812 Ymin = 6694624.000 Ymax = 8319124.000 COVERAGE TEXT Coverage contains all of map annotation, including names of water features, political and town names, map- unit tags, geologic-feature names, contour labels, and descriptions of thermal-maturity data from selected wells. Contains leaders as arcs. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ ARCS 505 68 NODES 2,189 -- ANNOTATIONS 1,361 -- SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 Arc Segments: 510 ARC ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard arc attributes) LTYPE: Character string defining line, used for applying symbology SEL: Integer, used in sorting selected items SYMB: Integer, used in sorting by symbol type TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 0.001 V Dangle = 0.000 V COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -3819902.500 Xmax = -797953.062 Ymin = 6574595.500 Ymax = 8392949.0008392949.000 COVERAGE TOWNS Coverage contains points showing locations of towns. Database category "PTTYPE" defines three size classes, so that towns of different sizes can be plotted with different symbols. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ POINTS 58 52 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 POINT ATTRIBUTES: (in addition to standard point attributes) PTTYPE: Character string giving town size, used in plotting different size towns with different symbols. Takes on values small, medium, and large. TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 10.771 N Dangle = 0.000 N COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -2937485.750 Xmax = -780313.500 Ymin = 6717679.000 Ymax = 8410854.000 COVERAGE WELLS1 A coverage containing points corresponding to sel- ected wells for which thermal-maturity data were used to constrain contours on U/M1 map-unit boundary surface in the Colville Basin and Cook Inlet Basin. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ POINTS 137 56 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 POINT ATTRIBUTES: (In addition to standard point attributes) WELLNAME: Character string giving name of well SURF: Vitrinite-reflectance value at the ground surface, extrapolated from sub- surface data. TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 131.592 N Dangle = 0.000 N COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -2384455.750 Xmax = -1559707.375 Ymin = 7095193.000 Ymax = 8411115.000 COVERAGE WELLS2 A coverage containing points corresponding to sel- ected wells for which descriptions of thermal maturity data are provided as callouts in the text coverage. Not built for topology. FEATURE CLASSES: Number of Attribute Feature Class Features Data (bytes) ------------- --------- ------------ POINTS 29 56 SECONDARY FEATURES: Tics: 36 POINT ATTRIBUTES: (In addition to standard point attributes) WELLNAME: Character string giving name of well SURF: Vitrinite-reflectance value at the ground surface, extrapolated from sub- surface data. TOLERANCES (meters): Fuzzy = 200.266 N Dangle = 0.000 N COVERAGE BOUNDARY (meters): Xmin = -3350540.500 Xmax = -1347884.375 Ymin = 6773572.500 Ymax = 8356079.500 LTYPES USED IN LOOKUP TABLE AKTHERMLINE.LUT (located in "info" directory within the "coverages" directory) contact, approximately located contact, certain contact, concealed fault, approximately located fault, certain fault, concealed fault, detatchment, certain fault, detatchment, concealed thrust fault, approximately located thrust fault, certain thrust fault, concealed water boundary, certain glacier boundary, certain map boundary, scan scratch boundary, certain PTYPES USED IN LOOKUP TABLE AKTHERMPOLY.LUT (located in "info" directory within the "coverages" directory) Ig-M Igneous/metamorphic map unit, certain Ig-M? Igneous/metamorphic map unit, questionable S Supermature map unit, certain S? Supermature map unit, questionable O Overmature map unit, certain O? Overmature map unit, questionable M2 Mature 2 map unit, certain M2? Mature 2 map unit, questionable M1 Mature 1 map unit, certain M1? Mature 1 map unit, questionable U Undermature map unit, certain U? Undermature map unit, questionable ? Unknown thermal maturity Qs Quaternary sedimentary deposits W Water feature (lakes, oceans) G Glacier Unmapped Areas outside map area (Canada, Russia) USING THESE FILES IN ARCEXPLORER ArcExplorer is a Windows desktop application produced and distributed by Environmental Systems Resources, Inc., for downloading, viewing, and examining spatial data. A copy is included on this disk, or you may download the newest version from the ESRI home page at http://www.esri.com/. ArcExplorer is intended to serve one simple purpose: to view and query GIS data; it is not a GIS itself and cannot be used to edit data files. To start using the GIS data included on this disk, install ArcExplorer, following the instructions in the "readme" file in the root directory of this CD-ROM. Once ArcExplorer is installed, you can view and query the ARC/INFO coverages supplied on this disk. Double-click on the ArcExplorer icon to start the program, then choose "Add" from the "Theme" menu. Use the dialog box to navigate to the "coverages" directory on this CD-ROM, and select the coverage you want to add to your map. Open the folder containing the coverage; you should see one or more files in the right part of the dialog box ending in the extension ".adf." Select them, then click the button "Add theme." You can continue to add additional coverages (called "themes" by ArcExplorer) to your map by repeating this procedure. ArcExplorer also can use the shapefiles included on this CD-ROM. Proceed as above but open the "shapefiles" directory from within the "Add theme" dialog box. Select shapefiles ending in the extension ".shp." When done, click the "close" box. The themes that you have added to your map appear in the "table of contents" to the left of the main view window in ArcExplorer. By checking the checkbox, you can have them appear in the view window. For help in using ArcExplorer, access online help from the "help" menu at the right end of the menu bar. USING THESE FILES IN ARC/INFO On your system, open ARC and create a workspace. Either copy all of the coverages in the "coverages" directory into this workspace, or, better, import the files in the "exportfiles" directory into your workspace, using ARC's "import" command. The coverages should reside in a directory within your ARC workspace called "coverages." Copy the files in the "miscfiles" directory into a directory of the same name in your ARC workspace. Finally, copy the files in the directory "insetfigures" into a directory called "insetfigures" in your ARC workspace. All files must retain their names and directory structure as on this CD-ROM. To edit coverages, run ARC from within the coverages directory. To plot the map, run ARC from within the directory containing the files from "miscfiles." A common usage of these ARC/INFO files will be to create a new map based on either more or fewer data contained in the coverages than that in the original USGS Map I-2494. To accomplish this, edit the file "plot.aml" as needed, then run it by typing "&run plot.aml" at the ARC prompt from within the directory contaiing the files from "miscfiles." These coverages were last edited in Arc version 7.1.1. USING THESE FILES IN ANOTHER GIS Please consult the manual for your GIS to determine which file format--ARC/INFO coverages, export files, or shapefiles--are most easily imported into your GIS. Then, follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your GIS on importing files. Make sure that you include the files in the "insetfigures" and "miscfiles" together with the ARC/INFO coverages if you want to reproduce Map I-2494. EDITING OR PRINTING OUTPUT FILES All of the output files are relatively large documents and will require a system with a great deal of memory and a fast processor to manipulate effectively. Users of most relatively modern UNIX workstations should have no difficulty. For Macintosh and Windows users, we recommend at least 128 MB of RAM and a processor with a clock speed of 180 MHz or better. The smallest and most easily manipulated output file is the PDF version, which can be read by Adobe Acrobat Reader (included on this disk). Adobe Acrobat Reader can be used to view and print a half-size (1:5,000,000 scale) version of the map, but cannot be used to edit it. Two Encapsulated Postscript files are provided. "MapI2494.eps" is a simple Encapsulated PostScript file with outlined fonts. It can be viewed, edited, and printed by any graphical PostScript editor, such as Adobe Illustrator, or can be sent directly to a PostScript printer. Because fonts are outlined, text cannot be easily copied or edited. "Map I2494.ill" is an Encapsulated PostScript file in Adobe Illustrator format. In this file, objects are in layers, and text in the inset figures has not been outlined and is therefore editable. This file also can be viewed, edited, and printed by any graphical PostScript editor, such as Adobe Illustrator, or can be sent directly to a PostScript printer. "MapI2492.tiff" is a raster image of the half-scale map in Tagged Image File (TIFF) format. To retain legibility, a resolution of 300 dpi is necessary (even at this resolution, some of the fine print is difficult to read). This results in a very large (154 MB) file that is difficult to manipulate on desktop computers. An image-processing program, such as NIH Image or Adobe Photoshop, can be used, provided that sufficient RAM is available. This file can also be imported into a GIS supporting raster image data.