1_README.TXT AN UPDATE OF QUATERNARY FAULTS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN OREGON By Weldon, R.J., II, (1), Fletcher, D.K.(1), Weldon, E.M.(1), Scharer, K.M.(1), and McCrory, P.A.(2) U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-301 Version 1.0 2003 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director (1) Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 (2) U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 977, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, 94025 OVERVIEW OF THE ORQFAULT PROJECT We present an updated active fault map for central and eastern Oregon. The map is based on the 1:500,000-scale map of Pezzopane (1993), that was reproduced by Geomatrix Consultants (1995) and subsequently widely cited and reproduced by others. Our map attempts to rectify a number of shortcomings in the original map and update it with new work. The most significant improvements include 1) digital fault traces in GIS ArcInfo format, and easily read and reproduced pdf format, 2) a linked ArcInfo database that provides references to the line(s) of evidence for each fault's assigned activity, 3) 1:100,000 and 1:500,000 scale shaded relief backgrounds developed from the new USGS 30 m DEM, that provide an easy way to locate faults on the landscape, and 4) a new category of "possibly active" faults to highlight faults that may be active but have not received adequate study to determine if they are. The faults were compiled on 1:100,000 shaded relief maps generated from the new USGS 30 m DEM. In most cases, faults were redrawn onto the maps by hand and then digitized, because the faults often did not project into their correct locations from existing maps. This is particularly true for the original Pezzopane map (1993), and subsequent Geomatrix Consultants map (1995) and their derivatives, where faults when scaled and projected onto the 1:100,000 hillshades most often fell in incorrect locations. Thus, we scaled and reprojected all of the maps, and visually adjusted the exact location and shape of the faults to fit the topography. For the "possibly active" fault category, we did not redraw faults if they already existed in a digital format; for example, most of the faults obtained from the Oregon State Map (Walker and MacLeod, 1991). To determine which faults were redrawn and which were simply compiled from a pre-existing digital database, one must access the ArcInfo database, select the fault, and read its attributes. A literature search was undertaken to update the catalog of active faults. Unfortunately, few studies published in the past decade have significantly changed our understanding of the location or the activity of faults in central and eastern Oregon. Those that we found are included, their sources are listed in the references below and in the ArcInfo database as attributes to the fault traces. Faults are categorized (represented on the maps with different colors) by the age of the deposits or surfaces that they deform. We have adopted the categories: a) Active during the Holocene (<10,000 yrs) or post-glacial time (<18,000 yrs), b) Active during the latest Quaternary (<120,000 yrs), c) Active during the middle to late Quaternary (<0.78 Ma), d) Active during the Quaternary (<1.6 Ma) and e) possibly active during the Quaternary. It is possible that faults active in the earlier Quaternary are no longer active and younger faults currently active are new. Thus the categories could represent a sequence of activity through time. However, it is also possible that some faults are highly active, and thus an interval of time as short as the Holocene can record their movement, whereas other faults have such a low level of activity that longer intervals of time are required to record any movement. We infer that our map represents both of these possibilities, because some zones contain faults within a single age category and other zones contain faults within a wide range of age categories. While we understand the need for reliable evidence to categorize faults as active, there is clearly a strong underlying bias in which faults are recognized as active. Namely, specific regions may have had more intensive studies conducted or more favorable preservation of the evidence for recent fault activity. Thus, the existing map of known active faults (i.e., Pezzopone, 1993) alone presents a biased and partial picture of the actual distribution of activity. For this reason we have added the category of "possibly active" faults, depicted in blue on the map. These faults are identified as 1) faults that have been mapped by previous investigators as cutting or bounding units that may be Quaternary in age, 2) faults with obvious geomorphologic expression across Quaternary (or possibly Quaternary) units, 3) faults that do not encounter Quaternary units, but are the clear physical or kinematic continuation of faults inferred to be active, and 4) possibly buried faults that are identified by geophysical data, vent alignments or in some cases simply the boundaries of basins that contain Quaternary deposits. Because we understand that many workers will prefer not to have these questionable Quaternary faults on their maps, we have reproduced our 1:500,000 map in two versions, with and without the "possibly active" faults. On the map that shows the "possibly active" faults, we also show the location of Quaternary (and possibly Quaternary) volcanic vents, deposits, and flows. There is a clear spatial relationship between the location of mapped faults, the deposition of Quaternary sediments, and Quaternary volcanism. All of the fault information can be found in the GIS ArcInfo project. We have also included two 1:500,000 maps in pdf format, and all of the 1:100,000 topographic quadrangles onto which the faults were compiled. While the pdf files do not contain the information available in the ArcInfo project database, they provide easily viewed and printable versions for those who may not need the detailed source information. REFERENCES: Ake, J. P., and Hawkins, F. F., 1999, Preliminary probabilistic ground motion evaluation, Crescent Lake Dam, Crescent Lake Project, Oregon: U.S. Department of Interior Technical Memorandum No. D8330-99-023. Bacon, C. R., Lanphere, M. A., and Champion, D. E., 1999, Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades: Geology, v. 27, p. 43-46. Bacon, C. R., Mastin, L. G., Scott, K. M., and Nathenson, M., 1997, Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake region, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey, Open- File Report 97-487, 32 p., 1 sheet. Carver, G. A., 1972, Glacial geology of the Mountain Lakes Wilderness and adjacent parts of the Cascade Range, Oregon, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 75 p. Geomatrix Consultants, 1990, Seismotectionic evaluation, Waco Dam site: Final Report, prepared for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 115 p. Geomatrix Consultants, 1995, Seismic design mapping, State of Oregon: Final Report, prepared for Oregon Department of Transportation, 252 p. Hawkins, F. F., Gilbert, J. D., and LaForge, R. C., 1989, Seismotectonic study for Warm-Springs Dam - Vale Project and Owyhee Dam - Owyhee Project, Oregon: Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Report 89-6. Hawkins, F. F., LaForge, R. C., and Gilbert, J. D., 1989, Seismotectonic study for Wickiup and Crane Prairie Dams, Deschutes Project, Oregon: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Report 89-2. Hawkins, F. F., LaForge, R. C., Templeton, M., and Gilbert, J. D., 1988, Seismotectonic study for Arthur R. Bowman and Ochoco Dams, Crooked River Project, Oregon: Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Report 88-10. Hemphill-Haley, M. A., 1995, Unpublished data. Hemphill-Haley, M. A., 1987, Quaternary stratigraphy and late Holocene faulting along the base of the eastern escarpment of Steens Mountain, southeastern Oregon, M.A. thesis, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, 87 p. Hemphill-Haley, M. A., Page, W. D., Burke, R., and Carver, G. A., 1989, Holocene activity of the Alvord fault, Steens Mountain, southeastern Oregon: Final Report to U.S. Geological Survey under Grant No. 14-08-0001- 61333, 45 p. Klinger, R. E., Vetter U. R., and Ryter, D. W., 1996, Seismotectonic study for Gerber Dam, Klamath Project, California-Oregon: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Report 96-1. Langridge, R. M., 1996, Unpublished map accompanying, Langridge R. M., Weldon, R. J., II, Pezzopane, S. K., and Jellinek A. M., 1996, Active faulting and tufa formation: A possible kinematic link between Albert Rim and Viewpoint faults, Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, n. 5, p. 74. Lindberg, D. N., 1999, A synopsis of late Pleistocene shorelines and faulting, Tule Springs Rims to Mickey Basin, Alvord Desert, Harney County, Oregon. Luedke, R. G., Smith R. L., and Russell-Robinson S. L., 1983, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of late Cenozoic volcanoes and volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range and vicinity, northwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1507, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. Luedke, R. G., and Smith R. L., 1982, Map showing distribution, composition, and age of late Cenozoic volcanic centers in Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1091-D, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000. MacLeod, N. S., and Sherrod, D. R., 1992, Reconnaissance geologic map of the west half of the Crescent 1¡ by 2¡ Quadrangle, central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2215, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Mann, G. M., and Meyer, G. E., 1993, Late Cenozoic structure and correlations to seismicity along the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, Northwest United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 853-871. Mimura, K., 1992, Reconnaissance geologic map of the west half of the Bend and the east half of the Shelvin Park 7.5' Quadrangle, Deschutes County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map, MF-2189, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. Minor, S. A., 1986, Stratigraphy and structure of the Western Trout Creek and Northern Bilk Creek Mountains, Harney County, Oregon and Humboldt County, Nevada, M.S. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Moring, B. C., 1983, Reconnaissance surficial geologic map of the Medford 1¡ by 2¡ Quadrangle, Oregon- California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Studies Map MF-1528, 2 sheets, scale 1:125,000. Narwold, C. F., 1999, Late Quaternary faulting in the Quinn River fault zone, a soils investigation: Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip Guide, Pacific Cell. Personius, S. F., Dart, R. L., Bradley, Lee-Ann, and Haller, K. M., 2003, Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-095, 579 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:750,000. Pezzopane, S. K., Nakata, Takashi, and Weldon, R. J., II, 1992, Preliminary active fault map for Oregon: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, n. 5, p. 74. Pezzopane, S. K., 1993, Active faults and earthquake ground motions in Oregon, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 250 p. Piety, L. A., LaForge, R. C., and Foley, L. L., 1990, Seismotectonic study for Cold Springs and McKay Dams, Umatilla Project, Oregon: Seismotectonic Report 90-1, prepared for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. Ryter, D. W., and Vetter, U. R., 1993, Seismotectonic study for Haystack Dam, Deschutes Project, Oregon: Bureau of Reclamation Seismotectonic Report 93-1. Sherrod, D. R., 1991, Geologic map of a part of the Cascade Range between latitudes 43¡ - 44¡, central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1891, 14 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:125,000. Sherrod, D. R., and Pickthorn, L. G., 1992, Geologic map of the west half of the Klamath Falls 1¡ by 2¡ Quadrangle, south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1282, scale 1:250,000. Simpson, G. D., Hemphill-Haley, M. A., Wong, I. G., Bott, J. D., Silva, W. J., and Lettis, W. R., 1993, Seismotectonic evaluation, Burnt River Project-Unity Dam and Baker Project-Thief Valley Dam, northwestern Oregon: Final Report, prepared for U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Smith, J. G., 1988, Geologic map of the Pelican Butte Quadrangle Klamath County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1653, 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500. Swanson, D. A., 1969, Reconnaissance geologic map of the east half of the Bend Quadrangle, Crook, Wheeler, Jefferson, Wasco, and Deschutes Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I- 568, scale 1:250,000. Taylor, E. M., 1981, Central High Cascade roadside geology, in Johnston, D. A., and Donnelly-Nolan, J., eds., Guides to Some Volcanic Terrains in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 838, p. 55-83. Vetter, U. R., 1998, Preliminary seismic hazard evaluation Mason Dam, Baker Project, Oregon: Technical Memorandum No. D8330-98-015, prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. Walker, G. W., 1973, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Pendleton Quadrangle, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-727, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Walker, G. W., and MacLeod, N. S., 1991, Geologic map of Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Special Geologic Map, 2 sheets, scale 1:500,000. Walker, G. W., Peterson, N. V., and Greene, R. C., 1967, Reconnaissance geologic map of the east half of the Crescent Quadrangle, Lake, Deschutes, and Crook Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-493, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Weldon, E. M., Unpublished air photo mapping of the Hot Springs fault, Summer Lake Basin. Weldon, R. J., II, Unpublished mapping. Wong, I. G., Dober, M., Hemphill-Haley, M. A., Naugler, W., and Silva, W. J., 1999, On probabilistic seismic hazard Analysis and safety evaluation; earthquake ground motions, Bully Creek Dam, Vale Project, eastern Oregon: U.S. Department of Interior Technical Memorandum No. D8330-99-28. FILES 1_README.TXT Overview of the orqfault project - this file attributes.txt Fault attributes in Microsoft tab-separated- ASCII format attributes.xls Fault attributes in Microsoft Excel format autorun.inf Windows auto-open file files.txt List of files on this CD-ROM notes-references.txt Fault notes and references in tab-separated-ASCII format notes-references.xls Fault notes and references in Microsoft Excel format orqfaults.apr ArcView project file The ArcView project orqfaults.apr can be run on a computer that has ArcView installed. The project can be copied to a hard drive but since the project relies on the files in the faults and hillshade directories, they must also be copied and must remain in the same relative location to the ArcView project orqfaults.txt Note about copying ArcView project files onto your hard disc (repeated above) usgsid.ico Windows icon file, USGS version_history.txt Citation and release information faults\e00_files\orqfaults_dd Arc/Info interchange format for faults in geographic coordinates faults\e00_files\orqfaults_lam Arc/Info interchange format for faults in lambert projection faults\orqfaults_dd Arc/Info coverage of faults geographic coordinate system faults\orqfaults_lam Arc/Info coverage of faults in lambert projection hillshade\or500m.tif Hillshade image hillshade\yyxxx.tif One degree hillshade images, yy = latitude and xxx = longitude pdf\1to500000.pdf Hillshade image with faults. pdf\1to500000ventgeol.pdf Hillshade image with faults, vents, and Quaternary geology pdf\yyxxx.pdf One-degree hillshade images with faults, yy = latitude and xxx = longitude software/Acrobat Installer for Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.1 for Macintosh and Windows software/ArcExplorer Installers for ArcExplorer 4 /ArcExplorer_4_Java contains ArcExplorer 4 with Java for Linux, Macintosh, UNIX (AUX, HP-UX, Solaris), and Windows SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS This CD-ROM (OF02_301) was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 Level 2 standard and Apple Computer's(R) hierarchical file system (HFS) standard. The data and text on this CD-ROM require either a UNIX(R) system-based or Linux(R) workstation, Macintosh(R) or compatible computer, or an IBM(R) or compatible personal computer, all equipped with a CD-ROM drive and a color monitor that can display 256 colors (16.7 million recommended). To use this CD-ROM, a PC should have: -- Intel(R) Pentium(R) or equivalent processor -- Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 95 OSR 2.0, Windows 98 SE, Windows Millennium, Windows NT(R) 4.0 with Service Pack 5, Windows 2000, or Windows XP, and -- 64 MB of RAM To use this CD-ROM, a Macintosh should have: -- PowerPC(R) processor -- Mac OS software version 8.6, 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2, or OS X; some features of Acrobat(R) 5 may not be available for OS 8.6 and OS X due to OS limitations, and -- 64 MB of RAM UNIX -- Almost any UNIX system-based or Linux workstation can read these files. All platforms -- Adobe(R) Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher (Acrobat Reader 5.1 for Windows and Macintosh are provided on this CD-ROM in the "Acrobat" folder in the "software" folder). The PDF files on this CD-ROM can be read with Acrobat 4 but without the re-wrap feature or tags that provide accessibility to sight-disabled people through the use of assistive technology such as screen readers. -- ESRI(R) ArcExplorer(R) (version 4 with Java is provided on this CD-ROM in the "ArcExplorer" folder in the "software" folder; version 2 for Windows without Java is available from http://www.esri.com/). --Microsoft Excel(R) to read the .xls files. Those files are also provided as tab-separated ASCII for users who wish to use other software. PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT (PDF) FILES Using Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can view and print copies of the PDF document in this report. Acrobat 5.1 for Mac OS9 and OS-X and for Windows 98SE and higher are provided on this CD-ROM. For older operating system, earlier versions of Acrobat Reader are available from Adobe using the link below. You can use the installers provided on this CD-ROM,. You can download the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader free via the World-Wide Web from the Adobe home page at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html. FOR SALE BY: USGS Information Services Box 25286 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS The bibliographical reference for this publication is: Weldon, R.J., II, Fletcher, D.K., Weldon, E.M., Scharer, K.M., and McCrory, P.A., 2003, An update of Quaternary faults of central and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-301, 1 CD-ROM. [available on the World Wide Web at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-301/]. 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