location catalog # site # core/section/secondary location latitude (decimal degrees) longitude (decimal degrees) depositional setting physiographic setting inundation distance (m) inundation reference point elevation(mamsl) barrier elevation (mamsl) obsevational method/ sampling method # cores/sampling localities # events documented (tsunami + subsidence) # tsunami events documented at site subsidence present? (y/n or comment) # subsidence events documented at site # tsunami deposits at site associated with subsidence # tsunami deposits at site not associated with subsidence event # tsunami event # subsidence event # amount of subsidence (m) age (rcybp) age range (cybp) correlated date (in years A.D. unless otherwise noted) age method/comments thickness (cm) maximum thickness (cm) geometry # layers layer thickness (cm) layer characteristics underlying material overlying material lower contact upper contact grain size range(phi) grain size distribution grain size description horizontal textural gradient grading sorting other sedimentary structures or properties composition inclusions flow direction microfossils chemical evidence comments/additional descriptions reference reference type reference date "map (USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle for U. S., NTS 1:50,000 for Canada)" "Koprino Harbour, Vancouver Island, B.C." 1 1 50.5089 -127.8462 "marsh, tidal" "Northern side of sound, 15 km from open ocean." "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" Data points 5 m apart on gridded transects 2 2 1 1 1964 Correlation with Fair Harbor deposits 0.5 "Continuous only near axcial tidal channel, thins landward and away from tidal channels, pinches out near forest edge, only locally reachs it, rises 0.4 m from tidal channel to forest. " May be locally stratified (2-3 sand/mud cuplets). "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 3.0 - 2.0 "Fine sand, moderately sorted silt" Fines landward and away from tidal channels Massive to normal "Q,F,L" "Sticks, cones, bark, shell fragments, forams, diatoms" Marine microfossils "Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago, based on Fair Harbor site)" "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 "92 L/12, 92 L/5" "Koprino Harbour, Vancouver Island, B.C." 2 1 50.5089 -127.8462 "marsh, tidal" "Northern side of sound, 15 km from open ocean." "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" Data points 5 m apart along 330 m transect and along seven shorter transects perpendicular to axial transect 2 2 2 2 161±16 1670-1950 1700 "Radiocarbon from growth position triglochin in sand layer, correlation with Japanese historical records" 0.1-1.0 12.00 "Thins landward and away from tidal channels, discontinuous 15 m beyond axial tidal channel, rises10 cm toward forest. Possibly correlative discontinuous lenses up to 12 cm thick near forest edge." May be locally stratified (2-3 sand/mud cuplets). "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 3.0 - -1.0 "Fine to very coarse sand, moderately sorted silt, some gravel present near tidal chanels." Fines landward and away from tidal channels Massive to normal "Q,F,L" "Sticks, cones, bark, shell fragments, forams, diatoms" Marine microfossils "Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago, based on Fair Harbor site)" "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 "92 L/12, 92 L/5" "Neroutsos Inlet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 3 2 50.4000 -127.5200 "marsh, tidal" "Head of inlet, protected from open ocean by 50 km of narrow waterways and islands." "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" Data points 5 m apart on 30x30m gridded transect 2 2 1 1 1964 Correlation with Fair Harbor deposits 0.5-2.0 "Thins landward and away from tidal channels, pinches out near forest edge, discontinuous near back of marsh to SE." May be locally stratified (2-3 sand/mud cuplets). "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 4.0 - 0.0 "Very fine to coarse sand, moderately sorted silt" Fines landward and away from tidal channels Massive "Q,F,L" "Sticks, cones, bark, shell fragments, forams, diatoms" Marine microfossils "Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago, based on Fair Harbor site)" "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 "92 L/5, 92 L6" "Neroutsos Inlet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 4 2 50.4000 -127.5200 "Marsh, tidal" "head of inlet, protected from open ocean by 50 km of narrow waterways and islands" "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" Data points 5 m apart on 30x30m gridded transect 2 2 2 2 230±50 1444-1950 1700 "Radiocarbon from bark fragment on sand layer, correlation with japanese historical record" 1.0-2.0 "Thins landward and away from tidal channels, pinches out near forest edge, discontinuous near back of marsh to SE." May be locally stratified (2-3 sand/mud cuplets). "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 2.0 - -1.0 "Medium to very coarse sand, moderately sorted silt" Fines landward and away from tidal channels assive to normal "Q,F,L" "Growth position leaf bases of Triglochin maritimum, sticks, cones bark shell fragments, forams, diatoms" Marine microfossils "Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago, based on Fair Harbor site)" "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 "92 L/5, 92 L6" "Power Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 5 3 50.1925 -127.4617 Lake 2 2 1 1 1964 Listed in table of marshes containing tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 L/3 "Power Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 6 3 50.1925 -127.4617 Lake 2 2 2 2 1700 Listed in table of marshes containing tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 L/3 "Fair Harbour, Vancouver Island, B.C." 7 4 50.0700 -127.1500 "Marsh, tidal" Head of inlet. Open ocean is 20 km away. "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" "215 borings, data points 5 m apart on gridded transects" 2 2 1 1 1964 137Cs spike 0.5-1.0 2.00 "Thins landward and away from tidal channels, pinches out near forest edge." 3 (locally up to 3 couplets of clean coarse to fine sand overlain by muddy fine sand and siltÉ) "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 3.0 - 1.0 "Fine to medium sand, moderately sorted silt" Fines landward and away from tidal channels Massive "Q,F,L" "Sticks, cones, bark, shell fragments, forams, diatoms, leaf bases of marsh plant Triglochin maritimum" Marine microfossils Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago) "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 92 L/3 "Fair Harbour, Vancouver Island, B.C." 8 4 50.0700 -127.1500 "Marsh, tidal" Head of inlet. Open ocean is 20 km away. "Pits, gouge cores, outcrops" "215 borings, data points 5 m apart on gridded transects" 2 2 2 2 270±80 1444-1950 1700 "Radiocarbon from stick 2-3 cm below sand layer, correlation with japanese historical record" 1.5-2.5 10.00 "Thins landward and away from tidal channels, pinches out near forest edge, rises topograsphically 1.4 m from open marsh to forest edge." 3 (locally up to 3 couplets of clean coarse to fine sand overlain by muddy fine sand and siltÉ) "Normally graded, sharply based,fine to coarse sand abruptly overlain by sandy mud." Peat Peat Mantled 3.0 - -1.0 "Fine to very coarse sand, moderately sorted silt, some gravel present near tidal chanels." Fines landward and away from tidal channels Massive or normal "Q,F,L" "Sticks, conifer cones, bark, leaf bases of marsh plants" Marine diatoms (navicula marina) Presence of only two tsunami deposits due to youthfulness of marshes (< 550 cal. yr. ago) "Benson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 92 L/3 "Zeballos, Vancouver Island, B.C." 9 5 49.9800 -126.8500 marsh Marsh along coastal inlet "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E/15 "Zeballos, Vancouver Island, B.C." 10 5 49.9800 -126.8500 Marsh Marsh along coastal inlet 1 1 y 1 1 1 1 <500 1700 Radiocarbon Single widespread sand sheet. Peaty soil Sharp Sharp Sand and silty sand Moderately sorted Abundant wood and other plant detritus "Bobrowski and Clague, 1995" Abstract 1995 92 E/15 "Catala Lake, B.C." 11 6 49.8328 -127.0593 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast <1 m above high tide Piston corer (lake) "22, 7 in lake and 15 in marsh bordering lake" 2+ 2+ 1 1 170±40 0 - 343 1700 "Radiocarbon (AMS) - youngest of 5 ages on plant detritus capping sand layer, most closely approximates age of deposit" 2 "Thins away from outlet, discontinuous at southernmost core site where it consists of fine sand a few mm thick." Gyttja Gyttja "Sandy granule gravel, fines to fine sand." Fines away from outlet Poorly sorted Well-rounded stones Sand and shell fragments Coarse plant sdetritus Marine shoreface and brackish diatom and foram assemblages "Clague et al., 1999" Journal 1999 92 E14 "Catala Lake, B.C." 12 6 49.8328 -127.0593 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast <1 m above high tide Piston corer (lake) "22, 7 in lake and 15 in marsh bordering lake" 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 1250±50 1000-1389 "Radiocarbon (AMS) - youngest of 5 ages for this layer, from spruce and fir needles" 0.5 -1.0 Gyttja Gyttja Sand and shell fragments Masssive Moderately sorted Marine shoreface and brackish diatom and foram assemblages "Clague et al., 1999" Journal 1999 92 E14 "Catala Lake, B.C." 13 6 49.8328 -127.0593 Marsh Coastal lake 500 Open coast <1 m above high tide "Gouge corer (marsh), push core (10 cm aluminum irrigation pipe - 1 marsh site)" "22, 7 in lake and 15 in marsh bordering lake" "1, possibly 2 in one core" "1, possibly 2 in one core" 1 1 1000±60 790-1099 "Radiocarbon (AMS), obtained from bark" 0.5 "Present in most marsh cores, but often only as a trace. Thickest near lakeshore, rapidly pinches out upslope and away from lake." Organic-rich mud Organic-rich mud 4.0 - 2.0 Fine to very fine sand and silt "Clague et al., 1999" Journal 1999 92 E14 "Deserted Lake, B.C." 14 7 DL-2 49.7700 -126.5000 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast 5 (maximum elevation) Percussion corer 11 3 3 y 2 2 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 400±50 360-570 1700 Radiocarbon (AMS)Youngest of three age determinations on reworked material "Cores collected close to stream outlet contain some, but not all of the deposits represented at Deserted Lake. Part of upper sequence may be eroded, possibly by a tsunami." 6 "5 thin (1-5 cm) layers of sand or muddy sand separated by thin layers of sandy, woody detritus. Uppermost thin sand layer overlain by thin mud layer overlain by 11 cm weakly graded clean fine sand layer topped by thin layer of plant detritus." Gyttja Gyttja Sharp Sand or muddy sand (lower layers) to clean fine sand (upper layer). Capped by plant detritus "Brackish and freshwater diatom assmblages, marine diatoms increase upward through unit." "Hutchinson et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E15 "Deserted Lake, B.C." 15 7 DL-2 49.7700 -126.5000 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast Percussion corer 11 3 3 y 2 2 2 2 2 "substantially less than the 0.5-0.7 m that occurred at Tofino, 80 km to the SE" 1750±60 1580-1870 "Event S (Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997)" Radiocarbon (AMS) on bark fragment "Cores collected close to stream outlet contain some, but not all of the deposits represented at Deserted Lake. Part of upper sequence may be eroded, possibly by a tsunami." 3 2 thin sand layers separated by sandy gytja. Overlain by poorlystatified bed of sandy mud containing woody detritus. Gyttja Gyttja Sharp Coarse-textured beds. Woody detritus Marine and brackish diatom and protazoan assemblages "Hutchinson et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E15 "Deserted Lake, B.C." 16 7 DL-2 49.7700 -126.5000 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast 5 (maximum elevation) Percussion corer 11 3 3 2 3 3 2630±60 2450-2900 "Event N (Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997)" Radiocarbon (AMS) on piece of wood base of core "Cores collected close to stream outlet contain some, but not all of the deposits represented at Deserted Lake. Part of upper sequence may be eroded, possibly by a tsunami." Gyttja Gravelly sand Sand and shell fragments "Mussel shells (shell hash), plant detritus" "Planktonic, benthic, and brackish marine diatom and protazoan assemblages" "Hutchinson et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E15 "Deserted Lake, B.C." 17 7 49.7700 -126.5000 Lake Coastal lake 500 Open coast 5 Percussion corer Listed in table of lakes containing tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E15 "Louie Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C" 18 8 49.7477 -126.9221 Marsh marsh along coastal inlet Shown on map (Figure 2) of sites presenting geologic evidence of tsunami deposits. "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92 E/10 "Louie Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C." 19 8 49.7477 -126.9221 Marsh marsh along coastal inlet 2 2 1 1 1964 Listed in table of known tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E/10 "Louie Bay, Vancouver Island, B.C" 20 8 49.7477 -126.9221 Marsh marsh along coastal inlet 2 2 2 2 1700 Listed in table of known tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E/10 "Channel Lagoon, Vancouver Island, B.C" 21 9 49.5810 -126.6788 Marsh marsh along coastal inlet Shown on map (Figure 2) of sites presenting geologic evidence of tsunami deposits. "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92 E/10 "Channel Lagoon, Vancouver Island, B.C" 22 9 49.5810 -126.6788 Marsh marsh along coastal inlet Older than 1700 Listed in table of known tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E/10 "Kanim Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 23 10 6 49.4000 -126.3400 Lake Lake in bedrock-rimmed basin 700 Open coast 6 Piston corer 1 1 1 1 2800±50 2780 - 3440 AMS radiocarbon 9 Sand layer thicker to north near outlet stream(core 7)than in core 6. Disapears in cores farther south away from outlet. Gyttja Gyttja Sharp Gradional Sand "Plant detritus (branches, twigs, bryophyte fragments,conifer needles, seeds, and cones). Plant debris coarsens and increases in abundance downward." "Marine diatoms (Plagiogramma staurophorum, Opephora pacifica, Opephora marina)" "Distance inland based on tsunami entering lake from outlet stream, not over10m high rocky isthmus (probably 7.5 m at time of tsunami). Outlet stream may also have been shorter at time of tsunami." "Hutchinson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 92 E/08 "Kanim Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 24 10 7 49.4000 -126.3400 Lake Lake in bedrock-rimmed basin 700 Open coast 6 Piston corer 1 1 1 1 2700±50 2740-3000 AMS radiocarbon 20 Sand layer thicker to north near outlet stream (core 7) than in core 6. Disapears in cores farther south away from outlet. Gyttja Gyttja Sharp Gradional Coarser sand Plant debris coarsens downward "Plant detritus (branches, twigs, bryophyte fragments,conifer needles, seeds, and cones). Plant debris coarsens and increases in abundance downward." "Marine diatoms (Plagiogramma staurophorum, Opephora pacifica, Opephora marina)" "Distance inland based on tsunami entering lake from outlet stream, not over10m high rocky isthmus (probably 7.5 m at time of tsunami). Outlet stream may also have been shorter at time of tsunami." "Hutchinson et al., 1997" Journal 1997 92 E/08 "Kanim Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 25 10 49.4000 -126.3400 Lake Lake in bedrock-silled basin 1000 Length of outlet stream 6 Cores 1 1 1 1 Forest detritus Marine-brackish planktonic and benthic diatoms "Hutchinson et al., 1995" Abstract 1995 92 E/08 "Kanim Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C." 26 10 49.4000 -126.3400 Lake Older than 1700 Listed in table of lakes containing tsunami deposits "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 E/08 "Hot Springs Cove, Vancouver Island, B.C." 27 11 49.3700 -126.2700 Marsh Marsh along coastal inlet. Shown on map (Figure 2) of sites presenting geologic evidence of tsunami deposits. "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92 E/08 "Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, B.C." 28 12 49.2500 -124.8300 Marsh Marsh at head of coastal inlet. "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 50 3 (8 additionalsand layers in sonic drill hole) 3 1 1 < 360±50 1964 "High concentrations of137Cs, eye witness accounts of sand deposition, radiocarbon on twig 60 cm below sand sheet" 1-2 (average) 15.00 "Relatively uniform in thicknes, unusually thick (up to 15 cm) at some sites south of pipeline, north of pipeline, sand is thin and discontinuous." "Peat (less rooty, more muddy)" "Peat (rooty, dusky brown,minor mud)" Sharp 3.0 - 1.0 5 - 30% silt Fine to medium sand Uniform in texture Massive Moderately well "Q,F,L" "Twigs, branches,logs bark seeds conifer cones and needles, also occur as a mat on top of sand sheet also includes rare tests of foraminifera" "8 additional sand layers (11 total) were penetrated in the sonic drill hole, but not all of these are necessarilly tsunami deposits. Only top 3 sand layers are described." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 F2 "Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, B.C." 29 12 49.2500 -124.8300 Marsh Marsh at head of coastal inlet. "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 50 3 (8 additionalsand layers in sonic drill hole) 3 possible evidence for minor coseismic subsidence (occasional peat underlying deposit) but subsidence could also be atributed to compaction or liquifaction. Site lies near eastern margin of zone of coseismic subsidence. 2 2 270±50 0-500 1700 Radiocabon - youngest of10 dates taken from top of peat/base of sand 5 (average) "Relatively uniform in thicknes, does not vary near pipeline. " Thin lamina of distinctly finer sand at the base of the deposit. "Mud (yellowish gray to orangish brown, organic rich), peat at some sites" "Mud (yellowish gray to orangish brown, organic rich), peat at some sites" "Sharp, except where bioturbated" "Sharp, except where bioturbated" 4.0 - 1.0 "Medium to very fine sand and minor silt, scattered granules and pebbles near base at some sites." Massive Moderately well "Wood detrirus, underlying peat contains rhizomes of herbaceous marsh plants, notably Triglochin maritimum." "8 additional sand layers (11 total) were penetrated in the sonic drill hole, but not all of these are necessarilly tsunami deposits. Only top 3 sand layers are described." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 F2 "Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, B.C." 30 12 49.2500 -124.8300 Marsh Marsh at head of coastal inlet. "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 50 3 (8 additionalsand layers in sonic drill hole) 3 3 3 880±90 600-1000 Radiocabon - youngest of 5 dates taken from top of peat/base of sand 12-68 "Well stratified, at some sites a coarse to fine fining up sequence overlies massive sand." Sandy silty mud and muddy sand Mud (organic-rich) Sharp Sharp Sand and pebble gravel Fining up - pebble gravel grades into fine sand "Wood detrirus, cones, twigs" "8 additional sand layers (11 total) were penetrated in the sonic drill hole, but not all of these are necessarilly tsunami deposits. Only top 3 sand layers are described." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 F2 "Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, B.C." 31 12 49.2500 -124.8300 Marsh Marsh at head of coastal inlet. "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 14 1 (only uppermost sand layer documented) 1 (only uppermost sand layer documented) 1 1 < 360±50 < 300-510 1964 "137Cs, radiocarbon on twig 60 cm below sand sheet" 1-2 15.00 "Peat (less rooty, more muddy)" Brown rooty peat w/ interstitial mud Sharp Sharp 3.0 - 2.0 5 - 30% silt Fine grained Massive Moderately well "Olive gray (Munsell colours 5Y 5/1, 5Y 4/2)" "Branches, sticks, seeds and cones scattered throughout sediment, in some places forming capping layer." Rare tests of foraminifera "Second, most destructive wave ~7m high, inundating tidal marsh 4-5 meters." Clague et al. 1994 Journal 1994 92 F2 "Kakawis Lake, B.C." 32 13 49.1941 -125.8887 Lake Coastal lake located on western peninsula of Meares Island 500 Up outlet stream 3-4 Percussion corer 6 3-4 3-4 1 1 3220±50 1430-1520 AMS - pine cone from within the deeposit 30 Displays weak laminae. Gyttja Dark brown to dark olive silt and sand-rich gyttja Gradational Bimodal - medium sand to pebbles in a silty matrix. Chaotic "14,000 year record. Tsunami deposits are described from oldest (1) to youngest (3) with another possible undated tsunmai deposit (labled with a ""?"", not described here) found between deposits 1 and 2. In the database, event numbers have been changed from youngest (1) to oldest (3) to be consistent with the rest of the database. Possible corelations with events described in Atwater and Hemphill-Haley (1997) are presented in Table 1 in the text." "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92F/4 "Kakawis Lake, B.C." 33 13 49.1941 -125.8887 Lake Coastal lake located on western peninsula of Meares Island 500 Up outlet stream 3-4 Percussion corer 6 3-4 3-4 2 2 3410±60 1680-1750 AMS - bark and twig samples in layer 20 Gyttja Gyttja Unimodal - finer grained sand than event 3. Considerably more plant detritus accumulated near top of layer. "14,000 year record. Tsunami deposits are described from oldest (1) to youngest (3) with another possible undated tsunmai deposit (labled with a ""?"", not described here) found between deposits 1 and 2. In the database, event numbers have been changed from youngest (1) to oldest (3) to be consistent with the rest of the database. Possible corelations with events described in Atwater and Hemphill-Haley (1997) are presented in Table 1 in the text." "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92F/4 "Kakawis Lake, B.C." 34 13 49.1941 -125.8887 Lake Coastal lake located on western peninsula of Meares Island 500 Up outlet stream 3-4 Percussion corer 6 3-4 3-4 3 3 3300±50 1515-1635 "AMS -twig and wood samples dated, minimum age reported" 16-23 3 5 Closely spaced intercalation between much smaller 5-cm sheets. Gyttja Gyttja Erosional "Texturally bimodal - a mix of med to coarse sand and gravel, shell fragments with low amounts of plant detritus and a silty matrix." Plant detritus "14,000 year record. Tsunami deposits are described from oldest (1) to youngest (3) with another possible undated tsunmai deposit (labled with a ""?"", not described here) found between deposits 1 and 2. In the database, event numbers have been changed from youngest (1) to oldest (3) to be consistent with the rest of the database. Possible corelations with events described in Atwater and Hemphill-Haley (1997) are presented in Table 1 in the text." "Lopez and Bobrowski, 2001" Proceedings 2001 92F/4 "Kakawis Lake, B.C." 35 13 49.1941 -125.8887 Lake Coastal lake located on western peninsula of Meares Island 200 Open coast older than 1700 Cited as an unpublished site in a table "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92F/4 "Tofino, Vancouver Island, B.C." 36 14 49.1162 -125.8813 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 n 1 1 1 1 1 1964 Same stratigraphic position as uppermost sheet at Port Alberni. 0.1 - 0.5 Discontinuous Contemporary marsh root zone Contemporary marsh root zone 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" Rare foraminiferal tests "Tsunami deposit present in root zone of contempory marsh a Ucluelet, locally on Meares Island and along Browning Passage." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92F/4 "Tofino, Vancouver Island, B.C." 37 14 49.1162 -125.8813 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 y 1 1 1 2 2 1 Several decimeters "160±60, 180±50, 190±60" 0-470 1700 Radiocabon - youngest of10 dates taken from top of peat/base of sand <1 - 30 "Thinner at Ucluelet than in Browning passage, discontinuous in Grice bay; extends from seaward edge of marsh to forest, thickest in tidal flats at head of broad, north-facing bays,along tidal channels, and thinnest in W & SW facing bays and inlets. In Browning Passsage, thins in forest adjacent to marsh." "Peat (rooty, fibrous, dusky brown, muddy)" Mud "Abrupt; erosive in places, other places preserve delicate leaves of herbaceous plants which extend upward into sand or are matted down below" Sharp 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt "In Browning Passage, fines to silt in forest adjacent to marsh" Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" "Bark, twigs, branches, cones, other plant detritus" Forams( change from upper marsh to middle marsh) "Sample sites cover large area between Ucluelet and Tofino, including Browning Passage, Mears Island and Grice bay. This part of the Coast of Vancouver Island is being uplifted. Only relatively recent tsunami deposits preserved." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92F/4 "Tofino, Vancouver Island, B.C." 38 14 49.1162 -125.8813 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 "650±50, 680±50" 500-800 Radiocarbon - from cone and twig at top of peaty mud Similar to second sand sheet (<1 - 30) Encountered in several pits at Tofino and Ucluelet. Mud Mud Abrupt Sharp 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" Rare foraminiferal tests "This third sand sheet is simply described as ""similar to the second snd sheet"" except noting the contacts are sharp and the over- and underlying material is olive-gray mud. All other inferences based on second sand sheet. " "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92F/4 "Tofino, Vancouver Island, B.C." 39 14 49.1162 -125.8813 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 180±50 0-470 1700 Conventional and AMS radiocarbon. Tofino and Uclelet are reported together. A few mm to 30 cm "Sheetlike, discontinuous at Grice Bay, present from seaward edge of marsh to forest margin." Peat Mud "Sharp, locally eroded" Sharp 4.0 - 1.0 Sand Massive Moderately well Intertidal foraminifera "Sheltered setting - includes sites on Meares Island, Grice Bay, and along Browning Passage south of Tofino" "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994b" Journal 1994 92F/4 "Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 40 15 48.9500 -125.5800 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 n 1 1 1 1 1 1964 Same stratigraphic position as uppermost sheet at Port Alberni 0.1 - 0.5 Discontinuous Contemporary marsh root zone Contemporary marsh root zone 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" Rare foraminiferal tests "tsunami deposit present in rootzone of contempory marsh a Ucluelet, locally on Meares Island and along Browning Passage, deposit not described at length" "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 C/13 "Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 41 15 48.9500 -125.5800 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 y 1 1 1 2 2 1 Several decimeters "160±60, 180±50, 190±60" 0-470 1700 Radiocabon - youngest of10 dates taken from top of peat/base of sand <1 - 30 "Thinner at Ucluelet than in Browning passage, discontinuous in Grice bay; extends from seaward edge of marsh to forest, thickest in tidal flats at head of broad, north-facing bays,along tidal channels, and thinnest in W & SW facing bays and inlets. In Browning Passsage, thins in forest adjacent to march." "Peat (rooty, fibrous, dusky brown, muddy)" Mud "Abrupt; erosive in places, other places preserve delicate leaves of herbaceous plants which extend upward into sand or are matted down below." Sharp 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" "Bark, twigs, branches, cones, other plant detritus, and rare foraminiferal tests" Forams( change from upper marsh to middle marsh) "Sample sites cover large area between Ucluelet and Tofino, including Browning Passage, Mears Island and Grice bay. This part of the Coast of Vancouver Island is being uplifted. Only relatively recent tsunami deposits preserved." "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 C/13 "Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 42 15 48.9500 -125.5800 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 3 3 n 1 1 1 3 3 "650±50, 680±50" 500-800 Radiocarbon - from cone and twig at top of peaty mud Similar to second sand sheet (<1 - 30) Encountered in several pits at Tofino and Ucluelet. Mud Mud Abrupt Sharp 4.0 - 1.0 Medium to very fine sand and silt Massive Moderately well "Mottled, may have been extensively bioturbated" "Q,F,L" Rare foraminiferal tests "This third sand sheet is simply described as ""similar to the second snd sheet"" except noting the contacts are sharp and the over- and underlying material is olive-gray mud. All other inferences based on second sand sheet. " "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994a" Journal 1994 92 C/13 "Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 43 15 48.9500 -125.5800 Marsh Low coastal plain "Pits, sonic corer , field exposures at banks of tidal channels." 110 at Tofino and Ucluelet 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 180±50 0-470 1700 Conventional and AMS radiocarbon. Tofino and Uclelet are reported together. A few mm to 30 cm "Sheetlike, present from seaward edge of marsh to forest margin." Peat Mud "Sharp, locally eroded" Sharp Sand Massive Moderately well Intertidal foraminifera "Clague and Bobrowski, 1994b" Journal 1994 92 C/13 "Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, B.C." 44 16 48.5700 -124.4000 Marsh Marsh along coastal inlet 1 1 1 1 1700 "Clague et al., 2000" Journal 2000 92 C/9 "Sooke Inlet, Vancouver Island, B.C." 45 17 48.3700 -123.6900 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along coastal inlet 1 1 y 1 0 1 1 1 0.2 - 0.7 1700 Radiocarbon Thins landward Fines landward Shallow marine foraminifera "200km landward from plate boundary, conference abstract, not much info" "Williams, 1995" Abstract 1995 92 B/5 "Swantown Marsh, Whidbey Island, WA" 46 18 48.3100 -122.7100 Marsh Marsh surrounding small coastal lake in lee of small barrier beach. 100 Barrier beach 2.6 5.1 (2.5 m above marsh surface) "Vibracores, gouge cores, pits" Cores collected at 10 m intervals. 4 4 1 1 1330±50 1160-1350 AMS radiocarbon on tubers 3 "Thins inland to the NE,E,S - discontinuous in distal part." At least 3 Multiple sand-mud normally-graded couplets capped by brown organic detritus. Peat Peat Sharp Sharp 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy fine-med sand. Fines landward to mud. Fines inland Brown organic detritus "Few diatoms, lttoral and fresh/brackish marine" "Swantown Marsh is on the west coast of Whidbey Island. Layers 3 and 4 are thought to be products of local earthquakes on the Southern Whidbey Island, Leech River or Devil's Island faults because ages do not correspond to ages of great earthquakes reported by Atwater and Hemphill-Haley(1997)." "Wiliams and Hutchinson, 2000" Journal 2000 Oak Harbor "Swantown Marsh, Whidbey Island, WA" 47 18 48.3100 -122.7100 Marsh Marsh surrounding small coastal lake in lee of small barrier beach. 230 Barrier beach 2.6 5.1 (2.5 m above marsh surface) "Vibracores, gouge cores, pits" Cores collected at 10 m intervals. 4 4 2 2 1630±50 1400-1700 AMS radiocarbon on tubers 3.5 "Thins inland to the NE,E,S - discontinuous in distal part." 3-4 Multiple sand-mud normally-graded couplets capped by brown organic detritus. Peat Peat Sharp Sharp 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy fine-med sand. Fines landward to mud. Fines inland Brown organic detritus "Diatoms - littoral, mudflat, salt-marsh, brackish marsh varieties. More marine than layer 1." "Swantown Marsh is on the west coast of Whidbey Island. Layers 3 and 4 are thought to be products of local earthquakes on the Southern Whidbey Island, Leech River or Devil's Island faults because ages do not correspond to ages of great earthquakes reported by Atwater and Hemphill-Haley(1997)." "Wiliams and Hutchinson, 2000" Journal 2000 Oak Harbor "Swantown Marsh, Whidbey Island, WA" 48 18 48.3100 -122.7100 Marsh Marsh surrounding small coastal lake in lee of small barrier beach. 50-60 Barrier beach 2.6 5.1 (2.5 m above marsh surface) "Vibracores, gouge cores, pits" Cores collected at 10 m intervals. 4 4 3 3 1970±50 1810-2060 AMS radiocarbon on tubers 1.0 Pinches out landward At least 2 Thin sandy laminae separated by a few mm of muddy organic detritus. Peat Peat Sharp Sharp Diatoms ~ 10% marine or littoral "Swantown Marsh is on the west coast of Whidbey Island. Layers 3 and 4 are thought to be products of local earthquakes on the Southern Whidbey Island, Leech River or Devil's Island faults because ages do not correspond to ages of great earthquakes reported by Atwater and Hemphill-Haley(1997)." "Wiliams and Hutchinson, 2000" Journal 2000 Oak Harbor "Swantown Marsh, Whidbey Island, WA" 49 18 48.3100 -122.7100 Marsh Marsh surrounding small coastal lake in lee of small barrier beach. 10 Barrier beach 2.6 5.1 (2.5 m above marsh surface) "Vibracores, gouge cores, pits" Cores collected at 10 m intervals. 4 4 4 4 2010+50 1830-2120 AMS radiocarbon on peat 0.5 At least 2 Thin sandy laminae separated by a few mm of muddy organic detritus. Peat Peat Sharp Sharp Diatoms ~ 10% marine and11% littoral "Swantown Marsh is on the west coast of Whidbey Island. Layers 3 and 4 are thought to be products of local earthquakes on the Southern Whidbey Island, Leech River or Devil's Island faults because ages do not correspond to ages of great earthquakes reported by Atwater and Hemphill-Haley(1997)." "Wiliams and Hutchinson, 2000" Journal 2000 Oak Harbor "Discovery Bay, WA" 50 19 47.9878 -122.8817 "Marsh, tidal" Tidal marsh at end of bay 7-9 7-9 1-8 1-8 No ages reported sand sheets Some display internal stratification consistent with deposition by a tsunami wave train. Peat Peat muddy sand Marine microfossils 2-4 of the sand sheets may be asociated with tsunamis not originating on the CSZ. "Williams et al., 2002" Abstract 2002 Uncas "Discovery Bay, WA" 51 19 47.9878 -122.8817 "Marsh, tidal" Tidal marsh at end of bay 7-9 7-9 1-8 1-8 2150-2750 Radiocarbon sand sheets Some display internal stratification consistent with deposition by a tsunami wave train. Peat Peat muddy sand Marine microfossils 2-4 of the sand sheets may be asociated with tsunamis not originating on the CSZ. "Williams et al., 2002" Abstract 2002 Uncas "Copalis River, WA" 50 19 47.1200 -124.1600 Marsh Marshes along river "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores." 3 2 y 3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5 0-600 1700 "Conventional radiocarbon - correlates to 1700 event based on similar appearance to tree-ring dated horizons at Willipa Bay, Washington (Yamaguchi et al., 1989, Atwater et al., 1991))." Disappears upstream Peaty black soil Mud mantled 4.0 - 2.0 Very fine to fine sand "Atwater, 1992" Journal 1992 "Copalis Beach, WA" "Copalis River, WA" 51 19 47.1200 -124.1600 Marsh Marshes along river "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores." 3 2 y 3 2 0 3 2 3 decimeters 1400-1900 Radiocarbon A few cm Found as far upstream as similar sand layer (see entry above). Reddish brown fibrous peat Mud mantled 4.0 - 2.0 Very fine to fine sand "Atwater, 1992" Journal 1992 "Copalis Beach, WA" "Copalis River, WA" 52 19 47.1200 -124.1600 Marsh Marshes along river 2000 River mouth (2 km inland) Cutbank exposures 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 0-10 Thins from 10 cm near channel mouth to 0 cm 2 km inland. "Thin discontinuous lamina of mud, overlain by a single continuous bed of sand thinning from approximately 10cm near the channel mouth to 0 cm ~2km inland" Peat Mud 3.0 - 2.0 "Fine-grained, well rounded sand" "Massive, ungraded" "10-15%muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz" peat and mud rip up clasts Landward directed surge "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Copalis Beach, WA" "North Bay, Grays Harbor, WA" 53 20 47.0500 -124.1000 Marsh Marshes along river Exposed in drainage ditch 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 ~1.5 Continuous over outcrop (20-30m). "Up to 5 (general description, see layer characteristics)" "Sandy bed composed of a thin basal lamina of mud (5mm thick), 2 sandy laminae (4-10mm thick),alternating with mud, capped by a thin (1-2 mm) discontinuous lamina of sandy silt." peaty soil Erosionally based thin bed of gravel Directly above Erosional "Sandy, sandy silt" "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge 2 km west of Humptulips River mouth. Exposed in sides of man-made drainage ditch. several other sites around Grays Harbor show evidence for an anomalous sand layer "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Hoquiam, WA" "Johns River, Grays Harbor, WA" 54 21 46.9000 -123.9800 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores." 8 2 y 8 2 0 1 1 1 0.65-1.05 450±60 "420-540, 390-320" AMS radiocarbon 2 Slightly laminated Peat Mud Gradual Silty sand Grades upwards to assemblages indicative of less sandy intertidal flat Intertidal diatoms Concludes localized tsunami deposition cannot be rejected. Sedimentation in sandy tidal flat is equally valid. Lasting submergence is indicated. Sand deposition due to river floods is rejected on basis of diatom assemblages. "Shennan et al., 1996 " Journal 1996 "Copalis Crossing, WA" "Johns River, Grays Harbor, WA" 55 21 46.9000 -123.9800 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores." 8 2 y 8 2 0 4 2 4 0.35-0.65 4480±80 4240-5310 AMS radiocarbon 2-4 Laminated Peat Mud Gradual Silty sand Grades upwards to assemblages indicative of less sandy intertidal flat Tidal flat diatoms Concludes localized tsunami deposition cannot be rejected. Sedimentation in sandy tidal flat is equally valid. Lasting submergence is indicated. Sand deposition due to river floods is rejected on basis of diatom assemblages. "Shennan et al., 1996 " Journal 1996 "Copalis Crossing, WA" "Johns River, Grays Harbor, WA" 56 21 46.9000 -123.9800 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay 2000 Upriver "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores." 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 ~2.5 "Deposit thins away from channel, laminae thin upward." "Thin (1-5 mm) discontinuous laminae of mud, a thick (2 cm)basal sandy lamina, overlain by 2-3 thin sandy lamina (each 2-3 mm thick)." Peat Mud Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries)general description for deposits at all sites in report). Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries)general description for deposits at all sites in report). 4.0 - 3.0 Silt with very fine sand Massive (each laminae in the layer) "10-15%muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz" Landward directed surge "With the exception of Johns River, anomalous sands are asbsent along entire south shore of Grays Harborand in South Bay" "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Copalis Crossing, WA" "Grayland Plains, WA" 57 22 46.8334 -124.0891 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands 1000 m from present shoreline open coast 6 "Cutbank exposures, gouge cores, pipe cores" 27 2-3 2-3 1 1 1700 0.3-10 "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analyses in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Grayland, WA" "Grayland Plains, WA" 58 22 46.8334 -124.0891 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "1500 m from present shoreline, 1000 m from erosional scarp interpreted as paleoshoreline" open coast 6 "Cutbank exposures, gouge cores, pipe cores" 27 2-3 2-3 2 2 655-880 800 cybp AMS radiocarbon 0.2-5 "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analyses in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Grayland, WA" "Grayland Plains, WA" 59 22 46.8334 -124.0891 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "Cutbank exposures, gouge cores, pipe cores" Schlichting et al. 1999 Abstract 1999 "Grayland, WA" "North River, Willipa Bay, WA" 60 23 46.7500 -123.8934 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 1000 upriver "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 ~2 "West of main channel only at North River, disapears as it enters paleoforest at Smith River" 3 Muddy lamina (10-25mm) overlain by sandy silt (2cm) capped by 2 thin (1-6mm) lamina of coarse silt. Peat Mud Sandy silt to coarse silt "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, plus nearly equal amounts of orthopyoxine, clinopyroxine, and hornblende at Niawiakim River, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Bay Center, WA" "North River, Willipa Bay, WA" 61 23 46.7500 -123.8934 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, Thicker downstream than upstream" "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to 0.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Smith River, Willipa Bay, WA" 62 24 46.7400 -123.8734 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 500 Upriver "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 ~2 "West of main channel only at North River, disapears as it enters paleoforest at Smith River." 3 Muddy lamina (10-25mm) overlain by sandy silt (2cm) capped by 2 thin (1-6mm) lamina of coarse silt. Peat Mud Sandy silt to coarse silt "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, plus nearly equal amounts of orthopyoxine, clinopyroxine, and hornblende at Niawiakim River, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Western, WA; Bay Center, WA" "Cedar River, Willipa Bay, WA" 63 25 46.7400 -123.9700 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, thicker downstream than upstream." "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to 0.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Bone River, Willipa Bay, WA" 64 26 46.6600 -123.9200 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 "Thinning of layer upvalley, laminae thin upward, thicker sand laminae occur at outside corner of channel beds." 4-5 layers "Thin (1-5 mm) laminae alternating with layers of mud, layers thin upward, often topped by coarse silt couplet, number of layers decrease with each successive bar upstream." Peat Mud Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries). Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries). 4.0 - 3.0 Silt with very fine sand "Fines upvalley, as sand size decreases, silt proportion increases while clay remains the same." Massive (each laminae in the layer) "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, plus nearly equal amounts of orthopyoxine, clinopyroxine, and hornblende at Niawiakim River, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Bay Center, WA" "Bone River, Willipa Bay, WA" 65 26 46.6600 -123.9200 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, thicker downstream than upstream." "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to 0.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 66 27 46.6300 -123.9200 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. "Gouge cores, outcrop" 8 1 y 8 1 0 1 1 1 1700 "Corellation with previous studies (e.g. Satake et al., 1996; Nelson et al., 1995)" 5.0-7.0 (mainly) 15.00 5-6 layers "5-6 sandy laminae alternate with mud. Lowest of laminae least distinct, least continuous. Upper two laminae silt partings." Peat 4.0 - 3.0 Silty very fine sand "Flopovers (tufts of Deschampsia caespitosa flopped over to the east (aimuths 65û-120û, average: 82û)" Micaceous "plant fragments (bark-free twigs, pieces of bark up to 1 cm thick,leaf bases of Triglochin maririma, tufts of Deschampsia caespitosa)" "East, up Niawiakum River valley" Diatoms Tsunami data represents a compilation of data presented for the Redtail and Oyster localities along the Niawiakum River "Atwater and Hemphil-Haley, 1997" USGS Professional Paper 1997 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 65 27 46.6300 -123.9200 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. Cores and outcrops 6 1 y 6 1 0 1 1 1 1700 "Less than 1 cm thick (or no deposit) to more than 5 cm thick, depending on location along tidal channel." Through inlet of willapa Bay and up Niawiakum River Contains black and white photographs of deposit and maps showing distribution and thickness of sandy interval and path of inferred tsunami. "Atwater, 1996" USGS professional Paper 1996 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 67 27 Near river mouth 46.6300 -123.9200 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along river that flows into bay. Upriver 2.4-2.5 m above MLLW Vertical slabs 4 sites/sections 1+ 1+ y 1+ 1 0 1 1 1 0.7 - > 3.0 1700 Corellation with previous studies 5 Thins and pinches out landward. Very fine sand and silt laminae 5 - 10 mm thick. Soil Tidal flat mud Sharp Silty sand "Diatoms (0pen estuarine, sand flat)" Study focuses on diatom as method for identifying tsunami deposits. Describes changes in diatom assemblages with distance inland. "Hemphil-Haley, 1995" Journal 1995 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 68 27 1 km upriver from site 1 46.6300 -123.9200 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along river that flows into bay. Upriver 2.4 m above MLLW Vertical slabs 4 sites/sections 1+ 1+ y 1+ 1 0 1 1 1 1.0 - >3.0 1700 Corellation with previous studies 0.1 Thins and pinches out landward. Soil Mud Sharp 4.0 - 3.0 Very fine sand "Diatoms (benthic, tidal flat)" Study focuses on diatom as method for identifying tsunami deposits. Describes changes in diatom assemblages with distance inland. "Hemphil-Haley, 1995" Journal 1995 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 69 27 "Upriver from site 2, upper midle part of valley" 46.6300 -123.9200 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along river that flows into bay. Upriver 2.2 m above MLLW Direct field sampling 4 sites/sections 1+ 1+ y 1+ 1 0 1 1 1 1700 Corellation with previous studies 0.5 Thins and pinches out landward. Soil Mud Sharp 4.0 - 3.0 Very fine sand "Diatoms (0pen estuarine, sand flat)" Study focuses on diatom as method for identifying tsunami deposits. Describes changes in diatom assemblages with distance inland. "Hemphil-Haley, 1995" Journal 1995 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 70 27 "Upriver from site 3, upper reaches of tidal river" 46.6300 -123.9200 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along river that flows into bay. Upriver Direct field sampling 4 sites/sections 1+ 1+ y 1+ 1 0 1 1 1 1700 Corellation with previous studies 0 ( no tsunami deposit this far upriver) Thins and pinches out landward. "Diatoms (0pen estuarine, sand flat)" Study focuses on diatom as method for identifying tsunami deposits. Describes changes in diatom assemblages with distance inland. Sand flat diatoms may have been transported above upriver limit of preservation of sand deposits "Hemphil-Haley, 1995" Journal 1995 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 71 27 46.6300 -123.9200 Marsh Marshes along river that flows into bay. 3000 Upriver "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 "Less than 1 cm thick (or no deposit) to more than 5 cm thick, depending on location along tidal channel." "Thinning of layer upvalley, thicker sand laminae occur at outside corner of channel beds." 4-5 layers "Thin (1-5 mm) laminae alternating with layers of mud, layers thin upward, often topped by coarse silt couplet, number of layers decrease with each successive bar upstream." Peat Mud Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries) Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries) 4.0 - 3.0 Silt with very fine sand "Fines upvalley, as sand size decreases, silt proportion increases while clay remains the same." Massive (each laminae in the layer) "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, plus nearly equal amounts of orthopyoxine, clinopyroxine, and hornblende at Niawiakim River, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge several other sites around Willipa Bay show evidence for an anomalous sand layer "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 72 27 46.6300 -123.9200 Marsh marshes along river that flows into bay 2500 Inland Cores 200 cores 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, thicker downstream than upstream." "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to o.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Niawiakum River, Willipa Bay, WA" 73 27 46.6300 -123.9200 Marsh marshes along river that flows into bay Cores "outcrop, half-cylinder corer" 6 3 y 6 3 0 7.00 "Sheet-like, thins landward" Peat Mud (intertidal) Mantled 4.0 - 3.0 Sandy-contains very fine sand and coarse silt at x-section line near landward extent of study. Fines landward Thin sandy interval mantling at least 3 burried lowlands; coincides with rapid tectonic subsidence. Several sites cored in tidal marsh along Niawiakum River. Study focused on tectonic subsidence as evidence for great earthquakes. "Atwater, 1987" Journal 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Palix River, Willipa Bay, WA" 74 28 46.6000 -123.9100 Marsh marshes along river that flows into bay "Cutbank exposures, hand-drilled cores" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 "Thinning of layer upvalley, laminae thin upward, thicker sand laminae occur at outside corner of channel beds." 4- 5 layers "Thin (1-5 mm) laminae alternating with layers of mud, layers thin upward, often topped by coarse silt couplet, number of layers decrease with each successive bar upstream." Peat Mud Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries) Sharp (mostly - 30% gradational 1-3mm boundaries) 4.0 - 3.0 Silt with very fine sand "Fines upvalley, as sand size decreases, silt proportion increases while clay remains the same." massive (each laminae in the layer) "10-15% muscovite, 10-25% subangular quartz, plus nearly equal amounts of orthopyoxine, clinopyroxine, and hornblende at Niawiakim River, North River sediments lack orthopyroxine and hornblende." Landward directed surge "Reinhart, 1991" Thesis (unpublished masters project) 1991 "Nemah, WA" "Palix River, Willipa Bay, WA" 75 28 46.6000 -123.9100 Marsh marshes along river that flows into bay 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, thicker downstream than upstream." "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to o.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Nemah River, Willipa Bay, WA" 76 29 46.5100 -123.9100 Marsh marshes along river that flows into bay 1700 <10 cm "Regionally distributed, landward thining, thicker downstream than upstream." "0.8-1.0 near base, thin to o.1 near top" Horizontal laminae of sandy silt separated by mud laminae. Wetland surface Mud Sandy silt Does not specify North or South Nemah River "Reinhart and Bourgeois, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Bay Center, WA" "Long Beach Peninsula, WA" 77 30 46.4500 -124.0500 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "800 m from present shoreline, 300 m from erosional scarp interpreted as paleoshoreline." Open coast 8 "Gouge cores, vibracores" 65 (30% contain tsunamigenic horizons) 3 3 1 1 300-530 1700 1-4 Peat or sand Peat Deposit consists of terrestrial organic-rich detritus within peat in core 11 to a terrestrial detritus/sand mixture on top of a sand layer in core 44. Elevated levels of marine diatom species Peak in bromine concentration "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Cape Disappointment, WA" "Long Beach Peninsula, WA" 78 30 46.4500 -124.0500 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "1500 m from present shoreline, 1000 m from erosional scarp interpreted as paleoshoreline." Open coast 8 "Gouge cores, vibracores" 65 (30% contain tsunamigenic horizons) 3 3 2 2 665-795 800 cybp 0.3-3 (1-3) Peat or sand Peat Sand Elevated levels of marine diatom species Peak in bromine concentration "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Cape Disappointment, WA" "Long Beach Peninsula, WA" 79 30 46.4500 -124.0500 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "1000 m from present shoreline, 500 m from erosional scarp interpreted as paleoshoreline." Open coast 8 "Gouge cores, vibracores" 65 (30% contain tsunamigenic horizons) 3 3 3 3 990-1285 1100 cybp 1-3 Peat or sand Peat 3.5 - 3.0 Fine-upper sand Well sorted Quartz rich "Detrital wood, needles and leaves. Thick (4 cm) detrital cap in most distal core." Elevated levels of marine diatom species Peak in bromine concentration "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Cape Disappointment, WA" "Long Beach Peninsula, WA" 80 30 46.4500 -124.0500 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands "Gouge cores, vibracores" Peak in bromine concentration Schlichting et al. 1999 Abstract 1999 "Cape Disappointment, WA" "Youngs Bay, Columbia River, OR" 81 31 46.1500 -123.8800 " Marsh, tidal" " Marsh, tidal" "10,000" River mouth 2 2 y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1700 "Presumtion, no radiacarbon dates" Thinner than lower tsunami deposit Peat Mud Abrupt Abrupt Sand "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Astoria, OR" "Youngs Bay, Columbia River, OR" 82 31 46.1500 -123.8800 " Marsh, tidal" " Marsh, tidal" "10,000" River mouth 2 2 n 1 1 1 2 2 Tentative correlation with event 800±200 years ago No radiocarbon dates Thicker than upper tsunami deposit Peat Peat Abrupt Gradual Sand "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Astoria, OR" "Stanley Lake, OR" 83 32 46.0100 -123.9100 Lake Coastal lake and marsh 2 2 1 1 780±90 Radiocarbon Mud or peat Mud or peat Abrupt Gradual or abrupt Sandy 75-100% beach sand West to eat surge First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Gearhart, OR" "Stanley Lake, OR" 84 32 46.0100 -123.9100 Lake Coastal lake and marsh 2 2 2 2 2370±60 Radiocarbon Mud or peat Mud or peat Abrupt Gradual or abrupt Sandy 75-100% beach sand West to eat surge First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Gearhart, OR" "Stanley Lake, OR" 85 32 46.0100 -123.9100 Lake Coastal lake and marsh 2 2 1 1 Uppermost sand layer(s) deposited within last 800 years(rcybp) Radiocarbon 4-68 Mud or peat Mud or peat Abrupt Gradual or abrupt Sand "Propagated from west to east through bay mouth, then south" "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Gearhart, OR" "Stanley Lake, OR" 86 32 46.0100 -123.9100 Lake Coastal lake and marsh 2 2 2 2 Uppermost sand layer(s) deposited within last 800 years(rcybp) Radiocarbon 4-68 Mud or peat Mud or peat Abrupt Gradual or abrupt Sand "Propagated from west to east through bay mouth, then south" "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Gearhart, OR" "Necanicum River, OR" 87 33 45.9900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal " Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 5 2 2 n 0 1 1 1 1964 "Radiocarbon (wood), historical artifact (glass shard)" Continuous for 2 km along seaside spit. Rooted muds Rooted muds Sand Historical artifacts No prehistoric marsh deposits to preserve paleotsunami inundation. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Necanicum River, OR" 88 33 45.9900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal " Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 5 2 2 n 0 1 2 2 1946 "Radiocarbon (wood), historical artifact (glass shard)" Continuous for 2 km along seaside spit. Rooted muds Rooted muds Sand Historical artifacts No prehistoric marsh deposits to preserve paleotsunami inundation. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 89 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh, tidal " Marshes along tidal creek 6 y 6 0-26 Pinches out with distance down tidal channel (to north). "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" Discusses tsunami sands as associated with the coseismic burial events but does not discuss individual layers or whether all burial events have associated tsunami sands. "Peterson et al., 1993 " "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 90 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 4 y 5 3 1 1 1 1 480±60 240-720 Radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Abrupt Increased or coarsening of beach sand component First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 91 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 4 n 5 3 1 2 2 800±60 680±60 560-1040 360-1000 "First radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core, second dates from Neawanna 5." Muddy to sandy peat Muddy to sandy peat Abrupt Increased or coarsening of beach sand component First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 92 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 4 y 5 3 1 3 3 2 1100±70 820-1380 Radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core Peaty mud to sand Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Increased or coarsening of beach sand component First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 93 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 4 y 5 3 1 4 4 3 1370±70 1090-1650 Radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core Peaty mud to sand Peaty mud to sand Gradual "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 94 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 5 y 6 5 0 1 1 1 0.5+ 480±60 Radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core 26.00 Pinches out down tidal channel to the north. Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Abrupt Gradual Sandy Increased or coarsening of beach sand component "Round gravel-sized mudstone clasts mixed with woody debris, probably of debris flow origin. Only found in upper reaches of Neawanna creek." "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms Northward propagation of tsunami supported by pinching out to the north down tidal channel and sand mineralogy. Tsnami deposit distinguished from riverdeposit by heavy mineral content and relative rounding of sand grains. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 95 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 5 y 6 5 0 2 2 2 0.5+ "800±60, 680±80" "First radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core, second dates from Neawanna 5." Pinches out down tidal channel to the north. Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Abrupt Abrupt Sandy Increased or coarsening of beach sand component "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms Northward propagation of tsunami supported by pinching out to the north down tidal channel and sand mineralogy. Tsnami deposit distinguished from riverdeposit by heavy mineral content and relative rounding of sand grains. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 96 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 5 y 6 5 0 3 3 3 0.5+ 1100±70 Radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core Pinches out down tidal channel to the north. Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Abrupt Gradual Sandy Increased or coarsening of beach sand component "Round gravel-sized mudstone clasts mixed with woody debris, probably of debris flow origin. Only found in upper reaches of Neawanna creek." "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" First appearance or increase in brackish or marine diatoms Northward propagation of tsunami supported by pinching out to the north down tidal channel and sand mineralogy. Tsnami deposit distinguished from riverdeposit by heavy mineral content and relative rounding of sand grains. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 97 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 5 y 6 5 0 5 4 5 Not dated Pinches out down tidal channel to the north. Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Abrupt Abrupt Sandy "Fines upstream at site 7, indicating downstream source" Mostly river sand "Round gravel-sized mudstone clasts mixed with woody debris, probably of debris flow origin. Only found in upper reaches of Neawanna creek." "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" "This layer is composed of mostly river sand, suggesting river flooding instead of a tsunami deposit. However,, at site 7, the coarse sand fines upstream, suggesting a downriver source" "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 98 34 45.9900 -123.9200 "Marsh (high), or forested lowland" Marshes along tidal creek "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer" 27 6 5 y 6 5 0 6 5 6 1.0-1.5 2000±70 2200±90 "First radiocarbon dates from Neawanna 2 core, second dates from Neawanna 5." Pinches out down tidal channel to the north. Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Peat to peaty mud to sand (depending on site) Abrupt Abrupt Sandy "Fines upstream at site 7, indicating downstream source" Mostly river sand "Round gravel-sized mudstone clasts mixed with woody debris, probably of debris flow origin. Only found in upper reaches of Neawanna creek." "Surged over spit at south end of Seaside, then down tidal channel (to north)" "This layer is composed of mostly river sand, suggesting river flooding instead of a tsunami deposit. However,, at site 7, the coarse sand fines upstream, suggesting a downriver source" "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 99 34 45.9900 -123.9200 Salt and freshwater marshes Marshes along tidal creek 21 6 5 y 6 5 0 1 1 1 at least 0.5 -1.0 480±60 462-634 Radiocarbon ages from Neawanna 2 from underlying peat layer Peat Abrupt "Increase in beach sand component from underlying peat in one core (7), decrease in another(5)." Necanicum River section discusses Neawanna Creek (a tributary of the Necanicum). No paleotsunami deposits were found along the Necanicum River. "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 100 34 45.9900 -123.9200 Salt and freshwater marshes Marshes along tidal creek 21 6 5 y 6 5 0 2 2 2 at least 0.5 -1.0 800±60 670-903 Radiocarbon ages from Neawanna 2 from underlying peat layer Peat Abrupt Increase in beach sand component from underlying peat in one core (5). Necanicum River section discusses Neawanna Creek (a tributary of the Necanicum). No paleotsunami deposits were found along the Necanicum River. "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 101 34 45.9900 -123.9200 Salt and freshwater marshes Marshes along tidal creek 21 6 5 y 6 5 0 3 3 3 at least 0.5 -1.0 1100±70 920-1170 Radiocarbon ages from Neawanna 2 from underlying peat layer Peat Abrupt "Increase in beach sand component from underlying peat in two cores (2,5)." Necanicum River section discusses Neawanna Creek (a tributary of the Necanicum). No paleotsunami deposits were found along the Necanicum River. "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 102 34 45.9900 -123.9200 Salt and freshwater marshes Marshes along tidal creek 21 6 5 y 6 5 0 5 4 5 less than 1.0 Layer not dated Peat Abrupt Increase in beach sand component from underlying peat in one core (5). Necanicum River section discusses Neawanna Creek (a tributary of the Necanicum). No paleotsunami deposits were found along the Necanicum River. Cosiesmic subsidence and tsunami deposition of this layer is questionable "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Neawanna Creek, OR" 103 34 45.9900 -123.9200 Salt and freshwater marshes Marshes along tidal creek 21 6 5 y 6 5 0 6 5 6 at least 0.5 -1.0 2000±70 1820-2139 Radiocarbon ages from Neawanna 2 from underlying peat layer Peat Abrupt Increase in beach sand component from underlying peat in one core (2). Increase in brackish/marine diatoms in core examined Necanicum River section discusses Neawanna Creek (a tributary of the Necanicum). No paleotsunami deposits were found along the Necanicum River. "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 104 35 45.9000 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along tidal creek 6 3 y 5 2 1 1 1 1 380±60 140-620 Radiocarbon Muddy to sandy peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sandy >50% beach sand "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 105 35 45.9000 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along tidal creek 6 3 n 5 2 1 2 2 Tidal flat mud Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy >50% beach sand Tsunami sand with no evidence for subsidence "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 106 35 45.9000 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along tidal creek 6 3 y 5 2 1 3 3 2 1270±60 1030-1510 Radiocarbon Muddy to sandy peat Peat Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 107 35 45.9000 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along tidal creek 6 cores and shallow pits 8 2+ y 1 1 1 1 1 380±60 1700 Radiocarbon Peat Tidal flat mud Sand Entered wetlands via Ecola Creek mouth and by overtopping Cannon beach spit. Last two prehistoric tsunamis 10x larger than 1964 tsunami "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 108 35 45.9000 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along tidal creek 6 Cores and shallow pits 8 2+ n 1 1 2 2 1200±60 Radiocarbon 2-3 (bounds debris flow) Peat Peat Sand Entered wetlands via Ecola Creek mouth and by overtopping Cannon beach spit. "Tsunami deposit bounds debris flow deposit - evidence for multiple wave trains. Last two prehistoric tsunamis 10X larger than 1964 tsunami. Tsunami deposit is located within a peat, indicating no subsidence." "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Ecola Creek, OR" 109 36 45.8900 -123.9600 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. "Gouge cores, vibracores" Up to 4 up to 4 Landward thining Organic-rich mud and peat Organic-rich mud and peat Biogenic tracers Geochemical tracers Schlichting et al. 1999 Abstract 1999 "Tillamook Head, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 110 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 200 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 1 1 1700 0.2-20 Soft organic-rich mud "Organic-rich mud/muck, gelatinous, very loose." Sand "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 111 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 500 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 2 2 810±40 (940±40) 735-795 (840-975) 800 cybp 0.2-25 Soft organic-rich mud Soft organic-rich mud "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 112 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 400 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 3 3 1100 cybp 2.0-25 Peat (thin) Soft organic-rich mud Abrupt 2.0 - 1.5 Sand (mL) Well sorted "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 113 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 200 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 4 4 1300 cybp 5-10 2 Angling mud laminae Soft organic-rich mud Soft organic-rich mud Abrupt "Diffuse, interfingered" 2.0 - 1.5 Sand (mL) Well sorted "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 114 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 200 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 5 5 1700 cybp 2-4 "Organic-rich mud, dense" Soft organic-rich mud Sand "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 115 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 200 from modern shoreline Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 30 "Up to 6, possibly 7" "Up to 6, possibly 7" 6 6 2300-2325 2500 cybp 2 Soft organic-rich mud "Organic-rich mud, dense" Sand "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices. Prevalence of liquifaction features makes correlation of sand layerts between cores difficult." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Girabaldi, OR" "Rockaway, OR" 116 37 45.6093 -123.9450 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 400 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" Up to 4 Up to 4 Landward thining Organic-rich mud and peat Organic-rich mud and peat Biogenic tracers Geochemical tracers Schlichting et al. 1999 abstract 1999 "Girabaldi, OR" "Oyster Farm, Netarts Bay, OR" 117 38 45.4800 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.95 "Cutbank, gouge core" 1 10 4 y 1 1 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Oyster Farm, Netarts Bay, OR" 118 38 45.4800 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.95 "Cutbank, gouge core" 1 10 4 y 2 2 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Oyster Farm, Netarts Bay, OR" 119 38 45.4800 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.95 "Cutbank, gouge core" 1 10 4 y 6 3 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Oyster Farm, Netarts Bay, OR" 120 38 45.4800 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.95 "Cutbank, gouge core" 1 10 4 y 9 4 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Wee Willies, Netarts Bay, OR" 121 39 45.4100 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay Cutbank 3 2 y 3 2 0 1 1 1 1700 Correlation with other deposits Peat Abrupt Sand Brackish water diatoms Tsunami deposits are visible in cutbanks "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR" "Wee Willies, Netarts Bay, OR" 122 39 45.4100 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay Cutbank 3 2 y 3 2 0 2 2 2 800±200 Correlation with other deposits Peat Abrupt Sand Brackish water diatoms Tsunami deposits are visible in cutbanks "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR" "Wee Willies, Netarts Bay, OR" 123 39 45.4100 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.71 "Cutbank, gouge core" 2 5 3 y 1 1 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Wee Willies, Netarts Bay, OR" 124 39 45.4100 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.71 "Cutbank, gouge core" 2 5 3 y 2 2 Rooted mud Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Wee Willies, Netarts Bay, OR" 125 39 45.4100 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh along landward side of bay 0.71 "Cutbank, gouge core" 2 5 3 y 5 3 Peat Abrupt Darienzo. 1991 Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 126 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" marsh at south end of bay "Cores, aluminum tins" 18+ 0 "Concludes evidence for tsunami deposition at Netarts Bay is not convincing. Pollen and diatom data suggest coarse minerogenic layers overlying peat reflect changes in the hydrodynamics of the estuary, but the change was part of a longer term trend already underway." "Shennan et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 127 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 1 1 1 1.0-1.5 370 ±60 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 128 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 2 2 2 1.0-1.5 660±60 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 129 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 4 3 4 1.0-1.5 1670±80 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 130 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 5 4 5 1.0-1.5 1840±60 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 131 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 9 5 9 1.0-1.5 3360±80 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 132 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 10 6 y 10 6 0 10 6 10 1.0-1.5 3330±70 Peat Tidal flat mud "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 133 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 1 1 1 370 ±60 290-520 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 134 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 2 2 2 > 0.5 - 1.0 660±60 540-690 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat This layer is not not well documented here but better documented at Wee Willies and Oyster Farm sites (see above) "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 135 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 4 3 4 1670±80 1354-1769 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 136 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 5 4 5 1840±60 1540-1869 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 137 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 9 5 9 3360±80 3411-3829 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 138 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Vibracore, gouge cores" 10 6 y 10 6 0 10 6 10 1.0-1.5 3330±70 3399-3818 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat "Darienzo, 1991" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 139 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Pipe cores, gouge cores" 13+ pipe cores in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores. 7 4 y 7 4 0 1 1 1 1.3-1.5 370±60 290-520 Radiocarbon dates from top of underlying peat No consistent change in thickness from west to east. Dramatic thickening and thinning from north to south. "Very few, if any, intevening mud laminae. When present, mud laminae occur near top of layer." Peaty muddy sand Muddy sand to sandy mud to mud Abrupt Abrupt Absence of crossbedding "Large plant fragments, peat clumps, and/or mud rip-up clasts are rare or absent from sand layers." Brackish diatoms "Stratigraphic colums and discussion show 7 burial events, 4 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The conclusions state there are 6 burial events, 5 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The figures included in the database are from the stratigraphic data presented, not the conclusions." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1990" Journal 1990 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 140 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Pipe cores, gouge cores" 13+ pipe cores in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores. 7 4 y 7 4 0 3 2 3 0.9-1.1 1430±80 1189-1520 "Radiocarbon on underlying peats. The top of Buried Marsh 3 has an older date than the bottom of Buried Marsh 3. Therefore, the bottom of Buried Marsh 3 represents the maximum age for this deposit." No consistent change in thickness from west to east. Dramatic thickening and thinning from north to south. Distinct sand and mud layers from1 mm to several cm. Peaty sandy mud to peaty muddy sand Sandy mud Abrupt Abrupt Absence of crossbedding "Large plant fragments, peat clumps, and/or mud rip-up clasts are rare or absent from sand layers." Brackish diatoms "Stratigraphic colums and discussion show 7 burial events, 4 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The conclusions state there are 6 burial events, 5 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The figures included in the database are from the stratigraphic data presented, not the conclusions." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1990" Journal 1990 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 141 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Pipe cores, gouge cores" 13+ pipe cores in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores. 7 4 y 7 4 0 4 3 4 1.3-1.5 1840±60 1540-1869 Radiocarbon on underlying peats. Dramatic thickening and thinning from north to south. "Very few, if any, intevening mud laminae. When present, mud laminae occur near top of layer." Peaty sandy mud to peaty muddy sand Mud to sandy mud to peaty sandy mud Abrupt Abrupt Absence of crossbedding "Abundant organic detritus at 2 sites nearest the spit. Large plant fragments, peat clumps, and/or mud rip-up clasts are rare or absent from sand layers." Brackish diatoms "Stratigraphic colums and discussion show 7 burial events, 4 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The conclusions state there are 6 burial events, 5 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The figures included in the database are from the stratigraphic data presented, not the conclusions." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1990" Journal 1990 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 142 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay "Pipe cores, gouge cores" 13+ pipe cores in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores. 7 4 y 7 4 0 7 4 7 0.9-1.1 3300±100 3274-3827 Radiocarbon on underlying peats. "Very few, if any, intevening mud laminae. When present, mud laminae occur near top of layer." Peaty mud Mud Abrupt Abrupt Absence of crossbedding "Large plant fragments, peat clumps, and/or mud rip-up clasts are rare or absent from sand layers." "Stratigraphic colums and discussion show 7 burial events, 4 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The conclusions state there are 6 burial events, 5 of which are capped by tsunami deposits. The figures included in the database are from the stratigraphic data presented, not the conclusions." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1990" Journal 1990 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 143 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay Continuous cores and 1 meter interval cores "9+ in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores, outcrops." 7 4 y 7 4 0 1 1 1 370±60 290-520 Radiocarbon on underlying peats. "Varies in thickness from core to core, but can be traced across full extent of marsh" Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sand-rich "Peterson and Darienzo, 1988" "Journal, field trip guide" 1988 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 144 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay Continuous cores and 1 meter interval cores "9+ in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores, outcrops." 7 4 y 7 4 0 3 2 3 1430±80 1189-1520 "Radiocarbon on underlying peats. The top of Buried Marsh 3 has an older date than the bottom of Buried Marsh 3. Therefore, the bottom of Buried Marsh 3 represents the maximum age for this deposit." "Varies in thickness from core to core, but can be traced across full extent of marsh" Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sand-rich "Peterson and Darienzo, 1988" "Journal, field trip guide" 1988 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 145 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay Continuous cores and 1 meter interval cores "9+ in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores, outcrops." 7 4 y 7 4 0 4 3 4 1840±60 1540-1869 Radiocarbon on underlying peats. "Varies in thickness from core to core, but can be traced across full extent of marsh" Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt sand-rich "Peterson and Darienzo, 1988" "Journal, field trip guide" 1988 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 146 40 45.3900 -123.9300 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay Continuous cores and 1 meter interval cores "9+ in 2 orthoganal transects with additional gouge cores, outcrops." 7 4 y 7 4 0 7 4 7 3300±100 3274-3827 Radiocarbon on underlying peats. "Varies in thickness from core to core, but can be traced across full extent of marsh" Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt sand-rich "Peterson and Darienzo, 1988" "Journal, field trip guide" 1988 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 147 40 45.3700 -123.9700 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 6 5 y 5 4 1 1 1 1 370 ±60 130 - 610 (0 - 578) Radiocarbon Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 148 40 45.3700 -123.9700 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 6 5 n 5 4 1 2 2 660±60 420 - 900 "Radiocarbon, from oyster farm locality" Tidal flat mud Peat Gradual Gradual Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 149 40 45.3700 -123.9700 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 6 5 y 5 4 1 4 3 3 1670±80 1350 - 1990 Radiocarbon Peaty mud to sand Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 150 40 45.3700 -123.9700 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 6 5 y 5 4 1 5 4 4 1840±60 1600-2080 (1490-2030) Radiocarbon Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Netarts Marsh, OR" 151 40 45.3700 -123.9700 "Marsh, tidal" Marsh at south end of bay 6 5 y 5 4 1 6 5 5 2600±70 2320-2880 (2360-3050) Radiocarbon Peat Tidal flat mud Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Netarts, OR; Sand Lake, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 152 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 1 1 1 400±60 160-640 (0-620) "Radiocarbon, from Nestucca DucK location" Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 153 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 2 2 2 1510±90 1150-1870 "Radiocarbon, from Little Nestucca 5" Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 154 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 3 3 3 1460±70 1180-1740 "Radiocarbon, from Little Nestucca 5" Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 155 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 1 1 1 1-1.5 400±60 Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy Greater and/or coarser beach sand component than underlying peaty layers. Increase or first appearance of brackish marine diatoms This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 156 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 2 2 2 1-1.5 1510±90 Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 157 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 3 3 3 1-1.5 1460±70 Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy Greater and/or coarser beach sand component than underlying peaty layers. This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 158 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 4 4 4 1-1.5 Peaty mud to sand Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy Greater and/or coarser beach sand component than underlying peaty layers. This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 159 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 5 5 5 1-1.5 1860±70 Muddy to sandy peat Peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy Greater and/or coarser beach sand component than underlying peaty layers. Increase or first appearance of brackish marine diatoms This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 160 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 (top 6 events contain a distinct sandy layer) y 12 (only top 6 analyzed) 6 0 6 6 6 1-1.5 2560±70 Muddy to sandy peat Slightly peaty mud to sand Abrupt Sandy Greater and/or coarser beach sand component than underlying peaty layers. This site record 12 events (subsidence with or without tsunami) in 5700 radiocarbon years. "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 161 41 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, truck-mounted hollow stem auger." 16 12 1+ y 12 1 0 1 1 1 1700 Peat Sands Strongest evidence is for the 1700 tsunami at Netuscca Duck site. Thin tsunami layers are found upriver at Hurliman and Little Nestucca sites. "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field trip guide" 1993 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 162 41 "Nestucca Duck, Nestucca 1, Little Nestucca 2" 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 1 1 1 Peat Abrupt Muddy sand Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 163 41 Little Nestucca 5 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 2 2 2 1510±90 1280-1600 "Radiocarbon dates from Little Nestucca 5, taken from top of underlying buried peat" sandy mud laminae Peat Abrupt Sandy mud Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 164 41 "Little Nestucca 5, Nestucca 2" 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 3 3 3 1460±70 1280-1520 "Radiocarbon dates from Little Nestucca 5, taken from top of underlying buried peat" muddy sand laminae Peat Abrupt Muddy sand Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 165 41 Nestucca 1 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 5 4 5 Peat Abrupt Muddy sand Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 166 41 "Little Nestucca 4, Nestucca 2" 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 7 5 7 sandy mud laminae Peat Abrupt Sandy mud Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Nestucca Bay, OR" 167 41 "Little Nestucca 4, Little Nestucca 5, Nestucca 2" 45.1900 -123.9500 "Marsh, tidal" Marshes along bay 12 6 y 12 6 0 8 6 8 3260±80 3349-3689 "Radiocarbon dates from Little Nestucca 5, taken from top of underlying buried peat" Peat Abrupt Muddy sand Tsunami deposits were not common and are confined to cores along the Little Nestucca River and across the wide part of Nestucca Spit at Nestucca Duck "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Nestucca Bay, OR" "Neskowin, OR" 168 42 45.1200 -123.9800 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 300 m from modern shoreline. Open coast 43 3 3 1 1 1700 Peat abovethis layer dated as modern 0.2-15 "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Neskowin, OR" "Neskowin, OR" 169 42 45.1200 -123.9800 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. "600 m from modern shoreline for north marsh, 1000 m for central marsh." Open coast 43 3 3 2 2 800 cybp 0.2-20 "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Neskowin, OR" "Neskowin, OR" 170 42 45.1200 -123.9800 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. "600 m from modern shoreline for north marsh, 1000 m for central marsh." Open coast 43 3 3 3 3 920-1290 1100 cybp 0.2-8 2.08-2.17 Upper fraction mean: 2.08Êphi; STD=0.27 phi Lower fraction mean: 2.17 phi; STD = 0.255 Landward fining cannot be discerned from grain-size analysis Fining upwards "Detailed core logs and analyses without interpretations are presented in thesis. Data included in this database based on authors interpretations in body of thesis, not core logs or analysies in appendices." "Schlichting, 2000" Thesis (M.S.) 2000 "Neskowin, OR" "Neskowin, OR" 171 42 45.1200 -123.9800 Back-barrier wetlands 0pen coastal plain with back-barrier wetlands. 200 Open coast 3 Gouge and vibracores Up to 4 Up to 4 Sand Schlichting et al. 1999 Abstract 1999 "Neskowin, OR" "Salmon River, OR" 172 43 45.0300 -123.9900 Marsh Cutbanks and cores Up to 4 1 (only top soil extensively studied) y 1 1 1 0.5 246±25 Nine samples taken from buried soil up to10 Thins upriver and towards the uplands. Lacks lamination "Soil, archaeological remains" Tideflat deposits 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand "Minor and Grant, 1996" Journal 1996 "Neskowin, OR" "Salmon River, OR" 173 43 45.0300 -123.9900 Marsh 1700 Topsoil Tidal mud Sand Report contains color photograph of tsunami deposit which covers remains of Native American fishing camp. "Atwater et al., 1999" USGS Circular 1999 "Neskowin, OR" "Salmon River, OR" 174 43 45.0300 -123.9900 Marsh 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 0-5 "Thins upvalley and away from river, thickest behind banks that face upriver." Peat Silt and very fine sandy silt Sharp Sharp 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Landward directed (seaward source) "Grant and McLaren, 1987" Abstract 1987 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 175 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 6 5 y 6 5 0 1 1 1 270±60 30-510 (0-520) Radiocarbon Peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Slightly peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Abrupt Abrupt Sand "Thickness and depth data are measured from a composite column of two or more columns from Darienzo, 1991 and Darienzo and Peterson, 1994. Data about contacts and over- and underlying material also taken from this column." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 176 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 6 5 Possible weak subsidence evidence at a few sites 6 5 0 2 2 2 350±60 110-590 Radiocarbon Slightly peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Slightly peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Abrupt Sand "Thickness and depth data are measured from a composite column of two or more columns from Darienzo, 1991 and Darienzo and Peterson, 1994. Data about contacts and over- and underlying material also taken from this column." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 177 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 6 5 y 6 5 0 4 3 3 1510±90 1150-1870 Radiocarbon Slightly peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Mud (tidal flat deposit) Abrupt Abrupt Sand "Thickness and depth data are measured from a composite column of two or more columns from Darienzo, 1991 and Darienzo and Peterson, 1994. Data about contacts and over- and underlying material also taken from this column." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 178 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 6 5 y 6 5 0 5 4 4 1690±70 1410-1970 (1310-1900) Radiocarbon Peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Mud (tidal flat deposit) Abrupt Abrupt Sand "Thickness and depth data are measured from a composite column of two or more columns from Darienzo, 1991 and Darienzo and Peterson, 1994. Data about contacts and over- and underlying material also taken from this column." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 179 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 6 5 y 6 5 0 6 5 5 2550±80 2230-2870 (2200-2970) Radiocarbon Rooted mud to sand (marsh deposit) Slightly peaty mud to sand (marsh deposit) Abrupt Sand "Thickness and depth data are measured from a composite column of two or more columns from Darienzo, 1991 and Darienzo and Peterson, 1994. Data about contacts and over- and underlying material also taken from this column." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 180 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" y 1 1 0.5 - 1 270±60 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied. Tsunami events other than 1 and 4 were either too small to measure ornot present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 181 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" y 4 4 0.5 - 1 1510±90 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied. Tsunami events other than 1 and 4 were either too small to measure ornot present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 182 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 1 1 1 0.5 - 1 270±60 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand - - Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 183 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 2 2 2 0.5 - 1 350±60 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 184 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 3 3 3 0.5 - 1 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied. Tsunami event 3 does not appear in column for this site, and may not be present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 185 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 4 4 4 0.5 - 1 1510±90 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 186 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 5 5 5 0.5 - 1 1690±70 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 187 44 "Salishan Spit, Salishan House" 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 6 6 y 6 6 0 6 6 6 0.5 - 1 2550±80 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand Beach sand Triglochin rhyzomes "Sand transport landward by marine surges, overtopped spit" "Located on eastern side of Salishan Spit, not exposed to open ocean. When not specifically refered to, I assumed general comments for salishan Spit sites applied. Tsunami event 6 does not appear in column for this site, and may not be present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 188 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 1 1 1 0.5 - 1 480±60 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. Event 1 not present or too small to measure on columns from Millport Slough and may not be present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 189 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 2 2 2 0.5 - 1 350±60 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. Event 2 not present or too small to measure on columns from Millport Slough and may not be present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 190 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 3 3 3 0.5 - 1 1330±70 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Sand "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. Event 3 not present or too small to measure on columns from Millport Slough and may not be present at this site." " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 191 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 4 4 4 0.5 - 1 1630±70 Radiocarbon Mud Mud Abrupt or gradual Abrupt or gradual Sand Triglochin rhyzomes present at Alder site (closest site to Siletz Bay) "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. " " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 192 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 5 5 5 0.5 - 1 1850±70 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Abrupt Sand Triglochin rhyzomes present at Millpoprt 1 site "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. " " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 193 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 6 y 7 7 0 6 6 6 0.5 - 1 Radiocarbon mud Mud Abrupt Sand "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. " " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 194 44 Millport Slough (Siletz River) 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore "2.5 cm gouge corer, outcrops" 7 7 y 7 7 0 7 7 7 0.5 - 1 2880±90 Radiocarbon Peat Rooted to slightly peaty muds Abrupt Abrupt Sand Triglochin rhyzomes present at Millpoprt 1 site "Located at the southeastern corner of Siletz Bay, not exposed to open ocean. " " Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 195 44 Salishan Spit 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 150 Open coast (from shoreward side of spit) 6 6 6 y 6 0 Peat Sand Beach sand Tsunami overtopped spit "Tsunami deposits, located on the bay side of Salishan spit, are derived directly from the beach and are an example of spit overtopping. Tsunami deposits and buried peats are particularly well developed at this site." "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field guide" 1993 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 196 44 Millport Slough 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh River/slough at south end of bay 1250 Up river - bayshore 7 3 y "4,5,7" "1,2,3" thin Discontinuous Peat Sand "Peterson et al., 1993" "Journal, field guide" 1993 "Lincoln City, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 197 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 1 1 270±60 0-480 "Radiocarbon dates from Salishan House, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 198 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 2 2 350±60 290-520 "Radiocarbon dates from Salishan House, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 199 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 3 3 Not dated at Salishan House Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 200 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 4 4 1510±90 1280-1600 "Radiocarbon dates from Salishan House, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 201 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 5 5 1690±70 1410-1805 "Radiocarbon dates from Salishan House, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Silitz Bay, OR" 202 44 44.8992 -124.0083 Marsh Marsh on bay side of spit and across bay in slough. "Cores, vibracores, cutbanks" 15 7 6 y 7 6 6 2550±80 2359-2789 "Radiocarbon dates from Salishan House, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Neskowin, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 203 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) 7 5 y 7 5 0 1 (0') 1 1 160±60 0-400 "Radiocarbon, Hatfield site" " Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in the paper. This designation is tentative. Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Tsunami deposits are too small to measure or do not appear in representative column, but are discussed in text." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 204 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) 7 5 y 7 5 0 2 (1) 2 2 550±70 270-830 (310-720) "Radiocarbon, Outcrop B" " Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in the paper. This designation is tentative. Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Tsunami deposits are too small to measure or do not appear in representative column, but are discussed in text." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 205 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) 7 5 y 7 5 0 3 (2) 3 3 No date available for this event " Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in the paper. This designation is tentative. Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Tsunami deposits are too small to measure or do not appear in representative column, but are discussed in text." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 206 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) 7 5 y 7 5 0 4 (3) 4 4 1350±60 1110-1590 "Radiocarbon, Slack 1" " Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in the paper. This designation is tentative. Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Tsunami deposits are too small to measure or do not appear in representative column, but are discussed in text." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 207 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) 7 5 y 7 5 0 5 (4) 5 5 1680±70 1400-1960 "Radiocarbon, Slack 1" " Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in the paper. This designation is tentative. Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Tsunami deposits are too small to measure or do not appear in representative column, but are discussed in text." "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 208 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 14000 Up river "shallow (1-2 m) gouge cores, cutbanks" 14 4 3 y 4 3 0 1 1 1 0-0.5 1700 "Correlated to events in Peterson et al., 1993, Darienzo et al., 1994" 2-10 "Preliminary reconnaissance, only shallow (1-2 m) records were examined" "Peterson and Priest, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 209 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay shallow (1-2 m) gouge cores 14 4 3 y 4 3 0 2 2 2 <1 800 cybp "Correlated to events in Peterson et al., 1993, Darienzo et al., 1994" 2-10 "Preliminary reconnaissance, only shallow (1-2 m) records were examined" "Peterson and Priest, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 210 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay shallow (1-2 m) gouge cores 14 4 3 y 4 3 0 4 3 4 <1 1400 cybp "Correlated to events in Peterson et al., 1993, Darienzo et al., 1994" 2-10 "Preliminary reconnaissance, only shallow (1-2 m) records were examined" "Peterson and Priest, 1995" Journal 1995 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 211 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 26 7 2 y 7 2 0 1 (0') 1 1 0.5 160±60 Radiocarbon 10 Peat Mud Abrupt Increase in marine and brackish diatoms "Evidence for tsunami deposits associated with coseismic subsidence limited to westernmost core site near bay mouth (Hatfield). Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in paper, with tsunami sands indicated for events 0' and 1. Table 2 lists distinct sand layers for events 3 and 5, but these are not discussed as tsunami deposits, nor do they show up in the columns. Distinct sandy horizons are mentioned for Oysterville sites, but these also do not show up in column. Subsidence data is for Oysterville site for events 1-3, while events 4-6 likely subsided less than 0.5 m. Hatfield, near the zero isobar, likely subsided 0.5 m or less. Dates for event 1 in representative Yaquina column and Hatfield 2 core do not agree." "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 212 45 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 1500 River mouth (mouth of bay/estuary) "2.5 cm gouge corer, 5-7.5 cm pipe corer, outcrops" 26 7 2 y 7 2 0 2 (1) 2 2 0.5 550 ±70 (1270±70) Radiocarbon - parenthetical date is from Hatfield core 15 Peat Rooted mud to sand Abrupt Increase in marine and brackish diatoms "Evidence for tsunami deposits associated with coseismic subsidence limited to westernmost core site near bay mouth (Hatfield). Inland site (Slack 1) shows evidence for sand sheet associated with event 6, but tsunami origin not conclusive. Events are parentheticallylisted 0'-6 to correspond to notation used in paper, with tsunami sands indicated for events 0' and 1. Table 2 lists distinct sand layers for events 3 and 5, but these are not discussed as tsunami deposits, nor do they show up in the columns. Distinct sandy horizons are mentioned for Oysterville sites, but these also do not show up in column. Subsidence data is for Oysterville site for events 1-3, while events 4-6 likely subsided less than 0.5 m. Hatfield, near the zero isobar, likely subsided 0.5 m or less. Dates for event 1 in representative Yaquina column and Hatfield 2 core do not agree." "Darienzo et al., 1994" Journal 1994 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 213 45 Hatfield 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 25 12 5 1 1 Not dated Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 214 45 Hatfield 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 25 12 5 3 2 Not dated Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 215 45 Slack 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 25 12 5 9 3 3260±90 3277-3699 "Radiocarbon dates from Slack 1 site, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 216 45 Slack 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 25 12 5 10 4 3170±70 3259-2569 "Radiocarbon dates from Slack 1 site, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Yaquina, OR" 217 45 Slack 44.6100 -124.0400 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 25 12 5 12 5 3840±70 3996-4504 "Radiocarbon dates from Slack 1 site, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 218 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay >1500 Up river "Continuous pipe cores, gouge cores, outcrop" 21 6 5+ y 6 5 0 1 1 1 0.5 480±60 474-645 1700 Radiocarbon from underlying peatlayer <1 - 25 "Thins landward (NW bay marsh to E confluence of north channel), locally thick, asociated with low marsh surfaces, also decreases in thickness away from north channel axis." faint internal layering at some sites Peat Peaty to slightly peaty muds Sharp Abrupt to gradual "76.9% sand, 23.1% silt and mud" Sandy Lacks structures Up to 21% beach sand "Flowed through bay mouth, then due east to NE bay margin, then up north channel, rapidly diminishing in flow energy" "Peterson and Darienzo, 1996" USGS Professional Paper 1996 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 219 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay >1500 Up river "Continuous pipe cores, gouge cores, outcrop" 21 6 5+ y 6 5 0 2 2 2 0.5-1.0 800±80 561-903 Radiocarbon from underlying peatlayer <1 - 25 "Thins landward (NW bay marsh to E confluence of north channel), locally thick, asociated with low marsh surfaces, also decreases in thickness away from north channel axis." faint internal layering at some sites Peat Peaty to slightly peaty muds Sharp Abrupt to gradual "88.5% sand, 11.5% silt and mud" Sandy Lacks structures Up to 47% beach sand "Flowed through bay mouth, then due east to NE bay margin, then up north channel, rapidly diminishing in flow energy" "Peterson and Darienzo, 1996" USGS Professional Paper 1996 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 220 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay >1500 Up river "Continuous pipe cores, gouge cores, outcrop" 21 6 5+ y 6 5 0 3 3 3 0.5-1.0 <1 - 25 "Thins landward (NW bay marsh to E confluence of north channel), locally thick, asociated with low marsh surfaces, also decreases in thickness away from north channel axis." faint internal layering at some sites Peat Peaty to slightly peaty muds Sharp Abrupt to gradual "58.1% sand, 41.9% silt and mud" Sandy Lacks structures "Flowed through bay mouth, then due east to NE bay margin, then up north channel, rapidly diminishing in flow energy" "Peterson and Darienzo, 1996" USGS Professional Paper 1996 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 221 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay >1500 Up river "Continuous pipe cores, gouge cores, outcrop" 21 6 5+ y 6 5 0 4 4 4 0.5-1.0 1490±80 1260-1530 "Radiocarbon from buried peatlayer, represents greatest possible age for tsunami" <1 - 25 "Thins landward (NW bay marsh to E confluence of north channel), locally thick, asociated with low marsh surfaces, also decreases in thickness away from north channel axis." faint internal layering at some sites Peat Peaty to slightly peaty muds Sharp Abrupt to gradual Sandy Lacks structures Up to 27% beach sand "Flowed through bay mouth, then due east to NE bay margin, then up north channel, rapidly diminishing in flow energy" "Peterson and Darienzo, 1996" USGS Professional Paper 1996 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 222 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay >1500 Up river "Continuous pipe cores, gouge cores, outcrop" 21 6 5+ y 6 5 0 5 5 5 0.15 2210±80 1999-2349 "Radiocarbon from buried peatlayer, represents greatest possible age for tsunami" <1 - 25 "Thins landward (NW bay marsh to E confluence of north channel), locally thick, asociated with low marsh surfaces, also decreases in thickness away from north channel axis." faint internal layering at some sites Peat Peaty to slightly peaty muds Sharp Abrupt to gradual "81.8% sand, 18.2% silt and mud" Sandy Lacks structures "Flowed through bay mouth, then due east to NE bay margin, then up north channel, rapidly diminishing in flow energy" "Peterson and Darienzo, 1996" USGS Professional Paper 1996 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 223 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 1 1 1 480±60 240-720 (300-680) laminae Peat Peat Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 224 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 2 2 2 800±80 480-1120 2 Peat Peat Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 225 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay 6 3 y 6 3 0 4 3 4 1490±80 1170-1810 5 Peat Mud Abrupt Sandy "Darienzo and Peterson, 1995" Journal 1995 "Waldport, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 226 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay "Cores, vibracores" 19 11 4 y 11 4 7 2 1 2 480±60 474-645 "Radiocarbon dates based on corellation with AB9, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 227 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay "Cores, vibracores" 19 11 4 y 11 4 7 3 2 3 800±80 561-903 "Radiocarbon dates based on corellation with AB9, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 228 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay "Cores, vibracores" 19 11 4 y 11 4 7 5 3 5 1490±80 1260-1530 "Radiocarbon dates based on corellation with AB9, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Alsea Bay, OR" 229 46 44.4200 -124.0200 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay "Cores, vibracores" 19 11 4 y 11 4 7 6 4 6 2210±80 1999-2349 "Radiocarbon dates based on corellation with AB9, taken from top of underlying peat" Peat Abrupt "Darienzo, 1991 " Thesis (Ph.D.) 1991 "Newport South, OR" "Lily lake, OR" 230 47 44.0900 -124.1200 " Marsh, tidal" Coastal lake 300 Open coast 1-5 "Abstract mentions tsunami deposits at this site. Briggs, 1994, lists 2 pebble layers in peat from cores at this site, but attributes them to debris flows, not tsunamis." "Briggs and Peterson, 1992" Abstract 1992 "Florence, OR" "Suislaw Bay, OR" 231 48 Deming Creek 43.9975 -124.1100 " Marsh, tidal" River/estuary/ small bay 6500 Open coast Gouge cores and vibracores 25 5 1 y 5 1 0 1 Muddy peat Muddy peat Sharp Sharp 3.0 - 1.0 Medium to fine "Briggs, 1994" Thesis (M.S.) 1994 "Florence, OR" "Umpqua River, OR" 232 49 43.7000 -124.1000 Marsh River/estuary Gouge cores and vibracores 38 (14 contain candidate tsunami layers) 4 3 y 4 3 0 1 1 1040±60 Radiocarbon date taken from peat 2 cm below tsunami deposit 2.0 Landward thinning Peat peat Sharp Sharp Sand "Tsunami deposits described are termed candidate tsunami deposits. Coseismic subsidence is noted for each tsunami event, but not necessarily where evidence for tsunami is strongest." "Briggs, 1994" Thesis (M.S.) 1994 Reedsport. OR "Umpqua River, OR" 233 49 43.7000 -124.1000 Marsh River/estuary Gouge cores and vibracores 38 (14 contain candidate tsunami layers) 4 3 y 4 3 0 2 1630±60 Radiocarbon date taken on wood from detrital layer below tsunami deposit 7.0 Landward thinning Detrital layer grading into peat Slightly sandy peaty mud Sharp Sharp Sand "Tsunami deposits described are termed candidate tsunami deposits. Coseismic subsidence is noted for each tsunami event, but not necessarily where evidence for tsunami is strongest." "Briggs, 1994" Thesis (M.S.) 1994 Reedsport. OR "Umpqua River, OR" 234 49 43.7000 -124.1000 Marsh River/estuary Gouge cores and vibracores 38 (14 contain candidate tsunami layers) 4 3 y 4 3 0 3 Landward thinning Peat Peat Sharp Gradual to sharp Sand "Tsunami deposits described are termed candidate tsunami deposits. Coseismic subsidence is noted for each tsunami event, but due to location of the zero isobase, not necessarily where evidence for tsunami is strongest." "Briggs, 1994" Thesis (M.S.) 1994 Reedsport. OR "Coos Bay, OR" 234 50 Stone Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 Peat Mud Sharp Muddy sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 235 50 Stone Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 2 2 2 1 as much as 10 Peat Mud "Sharp, possibly erosional" Clean to muddy sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 235 50 Hidden Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 1-3 Peat Mud Sharp 3.0-2.0 Fine sand and sandy mud "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 236 50 Hidden Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 2 2 2 1 2082±90 2580±60 1732-2343 2360-2845 Radiocarbon on herbaceous stems. Second date on abraded decayed stem. 1-8 Peat Mud Sharp Sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 236 50 North Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 Peat Mud Sharp Sand and sandy mud "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 237 50 North Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 2 2 2 1 Peat Mud Sharp Sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 237 50 Day Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 Peat Mud Sharp Sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 238 50 Day Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 2 2 2 1 5 Peat Mud Sharp Sand with fine round pebbles "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 238 50 Hayward Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 1-8 Thickens towards forest "Peat, muddy peat, and peaty mud" Mud Abrupt and planar 3.0-2.0 Clean fine sand Less muddy toward forest "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 239 50 Crown Point 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 up to 10 "Thins to laminae a few grains thick near forest, thickens towards 1m high stabalized dune at NW edge of cove." Fibrous peat Mud Sharp 4.0-2.0 Fine to very fine sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 239 50 Shana Creek 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh Small (<100 m) marshes in middle estuary. "2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm pipe cores" 2-3 2 y 2-3 2 0 1 1 1 0.5-1.0 8-40 Fibrous to fine grained peat Mud Sharp Sand "Nelson et al., 1998" Journal 1998 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 235 50 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 2-4 2 y 2-4 2 0 0.5 thin Peat Capped Silty sand "Identified only as 2 abruptly burried peats capped by thin layer of silty sand (cited as unpublished 1988 data). Other papers on Coos Bay (Peterson and Darienzo, 1989, Nelson, 1992, Nelson et al., 1996) discuss subsidence, but no others discuss tsunami deposits or metion sand layers in their stratigraphy. Darienzo and Peterson (1995) compare it with other central Oregon sites as being similar, at least for a young burial event." "Nelson and Peronius, 1996" Journal 1996 "Charleston, OR" "Coos Bay, OR" 236 50 43.3200 -124.3100 Marsh River/estuary/ small bay 4-9 2 y 4-9 2 0 Landward thinning Peat or detrital material Peat or detrital material Sharp Sharp Sand "Tsunami deposits described are termed candidate tsunami deposits. Coseismic subsidence is noted for each tsunami event, but due to location of the zero isobase, not necessarily where evidence for tsunami is strongest." "Briggs, 1994" Thesis (M.S.) 1994 "Charleston, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 237 51 "Bandon Marsh, Randolf Island" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 1 1 1 0-286 1700 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 238 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 3 2 3 1526-1701 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 2 (in core O) 2 2 fining upwards beds of sand to muddy sand in core L. Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 239 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 4 3 4 2150-2360 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy sand to sandy mud Medium-fine grained Fining upward Well sorted "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 240 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 5 4 5 2871-3074 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 2 Multiple fining upward sequences at Sevenmile Creek. 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy sand to sandy mud Medium-fine grained Fining upward Well sorted "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 241 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 6 5 6 3377-3476 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 2 Multiple fining upward sequences at Sevenmile Creek. 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy sand to sandy mud Medium-fine grained Fining upward Well sorted "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 242 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 7 6 7 3864-4085 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities >4 Multiple fining upward sequences at Sevenmile Creek. Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 243 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 8 7 8 4411-4566 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 8 Multiple fining upward sequences at Sevenmile Creek. 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy sand to sandy mud Medium-fine grained Fining upward Well sorted "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 244 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 9 8 9 Not dated Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 245 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 10 9 10 4986-5286 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities >4 Multiple fining upward sequences at Sevenmile Creek. 3.0 - 1.0 Muddy sand to sandy mud Medium-fine grained Fining upward Well sorted "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 246 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 11 10 11 6200-6410 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 2 Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Coquille River, OR " 247 51 "Sevenmile Creek, Ferry Creek, Fahys Creek" 43.1300 -124.4200 Marsh River/estuary >8000 Up river "Gouge cores, vibracores, cutbank exposures" 12 11 y 12 11 0 12 11 12 6489-6724 Age range from Seven Mile Creek and Fahys/Osprey localities 18 (in core M) 4 Abrupt Abrupt Muddy sand to sandy mud Fining upward "Witter, 1999" Thesis (Ph.D.) 1996 "Riverton, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 248 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Lake formed by stream blocked by coastal sand dunes. 6 "14 piston cores, 13 vibracores" 16 7 61 AMS (super 14)C ages on delicate terrestrial macrofossils 1-50 Sand One of the longest records of tsunami deposition on the Pacific Northwest coast (7300 years) "Nelson et al., 1998" Abstract 1998 "Bandon, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 249 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Lake formed by stream blocked by coastal sand dunes. 500 Open coast 6 13 13 13 events in last 7300 years. Intervals range from <50 - 850 years 3-150 Sand Diatom biostratigraphy records influxes of marine water into the otherwise freshwater lake One of the longest records of tsunami deposition on the Pacific Northwest coast (7300 years) "Kelsey et al., 1998a" Abstract 1998 "Bandon, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 250 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Freshwater lake 500 Open coast 5.5 8-9 8-9 up to 70 cm in oceanward portion of lake "Continuous layers in lake, thins landward" Lake mud Lake mud "Sharp, sometimes erosional" Sand "Rip-up clasts of lake substrate, capped by woody detritus." Paired study with Sixes River "Kelsey et al., 1995" Abstract 1995 "Bandon, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 251 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Freshwater lake 500 Open coast 5.5 3 3 300 Sand Planktonic marine diatoms at top of sand layers Paired study with Sixes River "Kelsey et al., 1994" Abstract 1994 "Bandon, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 252 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Freshwater lake 500 Open coast 5.5 3 3 1000 Sand Planktonic marine diatoms at top of sand layers Paired study with Sixes River "Kelsey et al., 1994" Abstract 1994 "Bandon, OR" "Bradley Lake, OR" 253 52 43.0700 -124.4300 Lake Freshwater lake 500 Open coast 5.5 3 3 1600 Sand Planktonic marine diatoms at top of sand layers Paired study with Sixes River "Kelsey et al., 1994" Abstract 1994 "Bandon, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 253 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 1 1 1 Lower meander: 3.3 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 254 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 2 2 2 2068±32 1940-2130 Lower meander: 0.5 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 254 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 3 3 3 Lower meander: 0.1 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 255 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 4 4 4 2505±31 2460-2750 Lower meander: 3.4 Discontinuous. patchy 3 Multiple fining upward cycles Peat to peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 255 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 5 5 5 0.4-2.4 2883±33 2880-3160 Lower meander: 0.9 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 256 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 6 6 6 0.4-2.4 3254±22 3390-3560 Lower meander: 0.8 Upper meander: 10.2 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 256 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 7 7 7 "0.5 median,1.4 maximum" 3486±46 3630-3560 Lower meander: 8.5 Upper meander: 5.3 Discontinuous. patchy 2 Multiple fining upward cycles Peat to mud Abrupt to clear Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 257 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 8 8 8 0.4-2.4 3849Ñ22 4150-4410 Lower meander: 15.2 Upper meander: 24.8 Discontinuous. patchy 3 Multiple fining upward cycles Peat to mud "Abrupt, erosional" Medium to fine sand Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 257 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 9 9 9 4362±51 4830-5220 Lower meander: 16.5 Discontinuous. patchy Peat to mud Abrupt to clear Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 258 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 10 10 10 4630±65 5050-5600 Lower meander: 7.5 Discontinuous. patchy Peaty mud to mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 258 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Freshwater wetland "Freshwater lowland, abandoned meander valley" 3600 Up River 1.7-4.2 "Outcrop, 2.5 cm gouge cores, 7.5 cm cores" "21 reconnaissance cores, 28 (2.5 cm), 5 (7.5 cm)" 11 11 y 11 11 0 11 11 11 5205±65 5750-6180 Lower meander: 7.5 Upper meander: 25.0 42.00 Discontinuous. patchy 5 Multiple fining upward cycles Peaty mud Abrupt to gradual Medium fine sand to sandy loam Massive to fining upwards Clean and well sorted in most cases "In a few instances, rip-up clasts of underlying strata" Marine diatoms Infers an average recurrence interval for 11 earthquakes and tsunamis of 480-535 years. "Kelsey et al., 2002" Journal 2002 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 254 53 X 42.8700 -124.5308 "Low terrace, former tidal channel" River/estuary 1200 Up river "Soil pit , outcrop" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 120±50 0-330 1700 AMS 0.2-0.5 35 in former tidal channel at southern end of study area near this section (X) Sheet over entire floodplain 2-3 layers 2-3 fining upwards sequences "Soil developed on a silt loam to loamy sand-bioturbated, A horizon" Sandy loam Abrupt 3.0 - 1.0 Coarse sand to medium fine sand 2-3 fining upwards sequences Wood detrirus Brackish marine diatoms (also present below tsunami deposit) Diatom data and soil desription available for download from GSA data depository GSA data repository 9826 "Kelsey et al., 1998b" Journal 1998 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 255 53 Y 42.8700 -124.5308 "Low terrace, former tidal channel" River/estuary 1200 Up river "Soil pit , outcrop" 1 1 y 1 1 0 1 1 1 1700 Correllation with section X 0.2-0.5 Sheet over entire floodplain Loamy soil Silt loam and loam Abrupt 3.0 - 1.0 Fine sand Diatom data and soil desription available for download from GSA data depository GSA data repository 9826 "Kelsey et al., 1998b" Journal 1998 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 256 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Marsh River/estuary 3000 Sand Woody detritus Paired study with Bradley Lake. Deposits at Sixes River related to incidences of liquifaction "Kelsey et al., 1995" Abstract 1995 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 257 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Marsh River/estuary 3000 Inland of Cape Blanco y 1600 "Age of youngest soil burial, 300 year event not clearly recorded" Marsh soil Abrupt 3.0 - 1.0 Fine to medium sand Paired study with Bradley Lake "Kelsey et al., 1994" Abstract 1994 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 258 53 42.8700 -124.5308 Marsh River/estuary 3000 Inland of Cape Blanco 3 3 y 3 1 0 1700 event correlated with youngest horizon 3 events over 5000 years Peat Abrupt 3.0 - 1.0 Fine to medium sand "Spruce cones, needles, and twigs" "Witter and Kelsey, 1994" Abstract 1994 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Sixes River, OR" 259 53 42.8700 -124.5308 "Infilled lake (cutoff meander) , marsh" River/estuary Tsunami either came through a 15-20 meter high gap in coastal bluffs or up Sixes River. Cores 3 3 y 1 1 0 1 3 events over 2000 years 0.02-1.2 3.00 A-C soils 3.0 - 1.0 Very fine to fine sand "Kelsey et al., 1993" Abstract 1993 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Elk River, OR" 260 54 42.7900 -124.5200 Marsh 3 3 y 3 1 0 Similar marsh stratigraphy as Sixes River and Eucre creek. "Witter and Kelsey, 1994" Abstract 1994 "Cape Blanco, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 261 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 4 1-2 y 1 1 >0.8 1-2 "Continuous, sheetlike" Peat Silty mud Abrupt 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Fines upwards Well sorted Subrounded Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs. "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." Marine brackish diatoms (Cosmioneis pusilla) This report attributes only two of the four sand sheets to tsunami deposit and suggests that the other two events were deposited by el Nino storm surges or a remote tsunami. "Witter et al., 2001" Journal 2001 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 262 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 4 1-2 2 2 1700 5-22 "Continuous, sheetlike" 2-3 2-3 fining upward intervals of medium to fine sand with pebbles at the base of each interval. Peat Silty mud Abrupt/erosive 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted Subrounded "Pebbles, mud rip up clasts, detrital spruce needles, and delicate twigs," "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." Sparse marine brackish diatoms This report attributes only two of the four sand sheets to tsunami deposit and suggests that the other two events were deposited by el Nino storm surges or a remote tsunami. "Witter et al., 2001" Journal 2001 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 263 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 4 1-2 3 Mud or incipient peaty soil Silty mud Abrupt 3.0-2.0 Clean fine sand Well sorted Subrounded "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." Marine brackish diatoms (Thalassoria pacifica) This report attributes only two of the four sand sheets to tsunami deposit and suggests that the other two events were deposited by el Nino storm surges or a remote tsunami. "Witter et al., 2001" Journal 2001 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 264 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 4 1-2 4 Mud or incipient peaty soil Silty mud Irregular/errosive 3.0-2.0 Clean fine sand Well sorted Subrounded Mud clasts "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." Marine brackish diatoms (Thalassoria pacifica) This report attributes only two of the four sand sheets to tsunami deposit and suggests that the other two events were deposited by el Nino storm surges or a remote tsunami. "Witter et al., 2001" Journal 2001 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 265 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 5 5 y 5 5 0 1 1 1 Largest subsidence accompanies youngest earthquake 2.0-3.0 "Sandy mud to silty, clay-rich mud" Silty mud 3.0-2.0 Fine sand (predominantly) "Normal - fines upward, terminates in woody organic debris." Well sorted Subrounded "Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs, woody organic layer on top of sand." "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." "Witter and Kelsey, 1996" Abstract 1996 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 266 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 5 5 y 5 5 0 2 2 2 "Sandy mud to silty, clay-rich mud" Silty mud 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted Subrounded "Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs, woody organic layer on top of sand." "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." "Witter and Kelsey, 1996" Abstract 1996 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 267 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 5 5 y 5 5 0 3 3 3 21.00 2-3 2-3 fining upwards intervals that encorporate large pebbles near base. "Sandy mud to silty, clay-rich mud" Silty mud 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted Subrounded "Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs, woody organic layer on top of sand." "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." "Witter and Kelsey, 1996" Abstract 1996 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 268 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 5 5 y 5 5 0 4 4 4 "Sandy mud to silty, clay-rich mud" Silty mud 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted Subrounded "Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs, woody organic layer on top of sand." "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." "Witter and Kelsey, 1996" Abstract 1996 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 269 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast "Gouge cores, vibracores" 5 5 y 5 5 0 4 5 5 "Sandy mud to silty, clay-rich mud" Silty mud 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted Subrounded "Detrital spruce needles and delicate twigs, woody organic layer on top of sand." "Landward directed surge, source oceanward of marsh." "Witter and Kelsey, 1996" Abstract 1996 "Ophir, OR" "Eucre Creek, OR" 270 55 42.5600 -124.3900 Marsh Small freshwater wetland along a coastal stream 500 Open coast 3 3 y 3 3 0 3 events over 2000 years "22 cm bed overlies oldes peat, consists of multiple intervals" multiple sand intervals Incorporates large pebbles near base and fines upwards. Peat Abrupt 3.0-1.0 "Fine to medium sand, large pebbles in layer above oldest peat." "Spruce cones, needles, and twigs." "Witter and Kelsey, 1994" Abstract 1994 "Ophir, OR" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 271 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm 500 Open coast 2 Vibracores up to 13 up to 13 1 1 1964 <1 Landward thinning Marine diatoms " Garrison et al., 1997" Abstract 1997 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 272 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" broad coastal plain with low beach berm 500 Open coast 2 Vibracores up to 13 up to 13 2 2 1960 <1 Landward thinning Marine diatoms " Garrison et al., 1997" Abstract 1997 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 273 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm 500 Open coast 2 Vibracores up to 13 up to 13 Up to 15 Landward thinning Marine diatoms "Thinner sand sheets attributed to remote tsunamis, thicker sand sheets attributed to Cascadia events" " Garrison et al., 1997" Abstract 1997 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 274 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm 100 Open coast Vibracores 40 12 (10 prehistoric) 12 (10 prehistoric) 1 1 1964 <2 Restricted to seaward edge of marshes. Peat Peat 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted "Carver et al., 1996" Abstract 1996 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 275 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm 100 Open coast Vibracores 40 12 (10 prehistoric) 12 (10 prehistoric) 2 2 1960 <2 Restricted to seaward edge of marshes. Peat Peat 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Well sorted "Carver et al., 1996" Abstract 1996 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 276 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm "500 m (events 3,4), 6 of remaining ten prehistoric tsunami deposits are similar in extent to historic deposits (100m)." Open coast Vibracores 40 12 (10 prehistoric) 12 (10 prehistoric) 3 3 0-512 Radiocarbon up to 25 Landward thinning up to 10 "Up to 10 normally graded sequences (in some cores), sometimes separated by silty and clayey laminations." Peat Peat 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Normal (in some cores) Well sorted Coarse woody debris several cm thick caps deposits at most sites. Marine diatoms "Carver et al., 1996" Abstract 1996 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 277 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm "500 m (events 3,4), 6 of remaining ten prehistoric tsunami deposits are similar in extent to historic deposits (100m)." Open coast Vibracores 40 12 (10 prehistoric) 12 (10 prehistoric) 4 4 650-1173 Radiocarbon up to 25 Landward thinning up to 10 "Up to 10 normally graded sequences (in some cores), sometimes separated by silty and clayey laminations." Peat Peat 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Normal (in some cores) Well sorted Coarse woody debris several cm thick caps deposits at most sites. Marine diatoms "Carver et al., 1996" Abstract 1996 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Crescent City, CA (along 5 km of open coast south of Crescent City)" 278 56 41.7300 -124.1500 "Marsh, freshwater" Broad coastal plain with low beach berm "500 m (events 3,4), 6 of remaining ten prehistoric tsunami deposits are similar in extent to historic deposits (100m)." Open coast Vibracores 40 12 (10 prehistoric) 12 (10 prehistoric) 5-13 5-13 up to 25 Landward thinning up to 10 "Up to 10 normally graded sequences (in some cores), sometimes separated by silty and clayey laminations." Peat Peat 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Normal (in some cores) Well sorted Coarse woody debris several cm thick caps deposits at most sites. Marine diatoms "Carver et al., 1996" Abstract 1996 "Sister Rocks, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 279 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 870 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 1 1 370±70 0-560 1700 "Radiocarbon (AMS), just below sand layer" 0-4.5 Landward thinning 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. Peat Peaty mud Sharp Gradational 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Fines landward Normal Well sorted Rip up clasts of peat and mud. Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 280 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 1130 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 6 2 2 1220±40 970-1350 "Radiocarbon (AMS), top of sand layer" 0.3-16.5 Landward thinning 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. Peat Peaty mud Sharp Gradational 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Fines landward Normal Well sorted "Rip up clasts of peat and mud, wood, twigs, spruce cones. Needles, and other plant detritus." Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 281 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 1060 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 6 3 3 1470±70 1280-1550 Radiocarbon (AMS)in sand 5-10 Landward thinning 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. "Muddy peat, diamicton in some cores" Peaty mud Sharp Gradational 3.0-1.0 "Fine to medium sand, contains coarse angular sandstone and shale clast landward of diamicton" "Fines landward, except coarsens landward of diamicton, which it overlies." Normal "Well sorted, except inland of diamicton." "Rip up clasts of peat and mud, only in a few cores, twigs." Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 282 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 1130 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 6 4 4 1590±60 1300-1820 Radiocarbon (AMS) in peat below sand 0.3-40 Landward thinning 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. "Peat, in one core overlies a diamicton" Mud Sharp Gradational 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand "Fines landward, except coarsens landward of diamicton, which it overlies." Normal "Well sorted, except inland of diamicton." "Rip up clasts of peat and mud, only in a few cores, wood, twigs, spruce cones." Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 283 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 1110 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 6 5 5 2500±50 2350-2760 Radiocarbon (AMS)in sand 15-22 Exposed in only a few cores on seaward side of the marsh. 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. Peat Peaty mud Sharp Sharp 3.0-0.0 Coarse to fine sand Fines landward Normal Well sorted "Abundant large rip up clasts of peat and mud, bark, wood, twigs." Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 284 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond Narrow flat-lying valley 625 Open coast 5 (MHHW) - sandy beach berm separating pond from open ocean. "Gouge cores, vibracores" "50 gouge cores, 21 vibracores" 6 6 6 6 3090±50 3070-3470 "Radiocarbon (AMS), top of sand layer" 9.5 Exposed in only a few cores on seaward side of the marsh. 1 Each extensive sand layer preserved as a single layer. Peat Peaty mud Sharp Gradational 3.0-1.0 Fine to medium sand Fines landward Normal Well sorted "Rip up clasts of peat and mud, twigs." Landward directed surge Marine diatoms "Abramson, 1998" Thesis (M.S.) 1998 "Requa, CA" "Lagoon Creek, CA" 285 57 41.5900 -124.1000 marsh (freshwater) and lily pond narrow valley with high beach berm 1500 Open coast 6 Vibracores Up to 13 Up to 13 Thinner than at Crescent City Landward thinning Marine diatoms " Garrison et al., 1997" Abstract 1997 "Requa, CA" "South Humboldt Spit, CA" 286 58 40.6197 -124.3174 Marsh Bay side of spit 2 2 1 1 ~300 1700 Radiocarbon Tsunami deposits associated with coseismic uplift. "Leroy, 1999" Thesis (M.S.) 1999 "Canibal Island, CA" "South Humboldt Spit, CA" 287 58 40.6197 -124.3174 Marsh Bay side of spit 2 2 2 2 ~1100 Radiocarbon Tsunami deposits associated with coseismic uplift. "Leroy, 1999" Thesis (M.S.) 1999 "Canibal Island, CA" "Eel River, CA" 288 59 ER-VC-06 40.7021 -124.2679 Marsh Marshes along river mouth "Vibracores,hand-augered cores, bank exposures" 55 5 2 y 5 2 0 2 1 2 860±70 620-1060 0.2-0.4 Peat Peat 3.0-2.0 Fine sand (0.1-0.5 mm) Only evidence is a sand capping layer in one core. No other cores show evidence of this layer. "Li, 1992" Thesis (M.S.) 1992 "Canibal Island, CA" "Eel River, CA" 289 59 ER-VC-06 40.7021 -124.2679 Marsh Marshes along river mouth "Vibracores,hand-augered cores, bank exposures" 55 5 2 y 5 2 0 3 2 3 1290±60 960-1410 0.2-0.4 Tidal mud Tidal mud 3.0-2.0 Fine sand (0.1-0.5 mm) Only evidence is a sand capping layer in one core. No other cores show evidence of this layer. "Li, 1992" Thesis (M.S.) 1992 "Canibal Island, CA"